Predictors of accurate intrapedicular screw placement in single-level lumbar (L4-5) fusion: robot-assisted pedicle screw, traditional pedicle screw, and cortical bone trajectory screw insertion

Table 6 Univariate analyses of factors associated with intrapedicular accuracy

Risk factors	Clinical accepted screw group	Clinical unacceptable screw group	P-value
No. of screws	644	20
Age	55.8 ± 10.1	56.4 ± 13.9	0.789
Sex			0.188
Male	255	5
Female	389	15
BMI	24.7 ± 3.0	23.4 ± 2.7	0.064
Implantation technique			0.004*
RA + PS	452	8
CBT	192	12
Vertebral slip more than 10%			0.957
Yes	132	4
No	512	16
Incision depth	55.6 ± 8.0	52.1 ± 7.9	0.062
Superior facet angle	48.0 ± 13.0	44.8 ± 11.9	0.286

RA robot-assisted, PS pedicle screw, CBT cortical bone trajectory, BMI body mass index, FJV facet joint violation

ISSN: 1471-2482