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Table 4 Comparison of screw accuracy and superior FJVs in three different insertion techniques

From: Predictors of accurate intrapedicular screw placement in single-level lumbar (L4-5) fusion: robot-assisted pedicle screw, traditional pedicle screw, and cortical bone trajectory screw insertion

Parameters

Number of screws

P value

RA (nā€‰=ā€‰55)

PS (nā€‰=ā€‰60)

CBT (nā€‰=ā€‰51)

Screw grade

Ā Ā Ā 

0.012

A

192 (87.3%)

195 (81.3%)

156 (76.5%)

Ā 

B

24 (10.9%)

39 (16.2%)

36 (17.6%)

Ā 

C

4 (1.8%)

6 (2.5%)

10 (4.9%)

Ā 

D

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (0.5%)

Ā 

E

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (0.5%)

Ā 

Aā€‰+ā€‰B

216 (98.2%)

234 (97.5%)

192 (94.1%)

0.045

Cā€‰+ā€‰Dā€‰+ā€‰E

4 (1.8%)

6 (2.5%)

12 (5.9%)

Ā 

Violation grade

Ā Ā Ā 

0.001

0

79 (71.8%)

66 (55.0%)

80 (78.4%)

Ā 

1

23 (20.9%)

51 (42.5%)

22 (21.6%)

Ā 

2

7 (6.4%)

3 (2.5%)

0 (0)

Ā 

3

1 (0.9%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Ā 
  1. RA robot-assisted, PS pedicle screw, CBT cortical bone trajectory, FJV facet joint violation