Table 1 Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of the included patients
Variables | Total number (n = 3829), n (%) | Training cohort (n = 2678), n (%) | Validation cohort (n = 1151), n (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
 < 60 | 2120 (55.4) | 1493 (55.7) | 627 (54.5) | 0.466 |
 ≥ 60 | 1709 (44.6) | 1185 (44.3) | 524 (45.5) | |
Race | ||||
 White | 3096 (80.9) | 2176 (81.2) | 920 (79.9) | 0.624 |
 Black | 289 (7.5) | 199 (7.4) | 90 (7.8) | |
 Other†| 444 (11.6) | 303 (11.3) | 141 (12.4) | |
Sex | ||||
 Female | 1419 (37.1) | 988 (36.9) | 431 (37.4) | 0.746 |
 Male | 2410 (62.9) | 1690 (63.1) | 720 (62.6) | |
Marital status | ||||
 No‡ | 1540 (40.2) | 1082 (40.4) | 458 (39.8) | 0.723 |
 Yes | 2289 (59.8) | 1596 (59.6) | 693 (60.2) | |
Grade | ||||
 I | 282 (7.4) | 194 (7.2) | 88 (76.5) | 0.895 |
 II | 3088 (80.6) | 2157 (80.5) | 931 (80.9) | |
 III | 408 (10.6) | 290 (10.8) | 118 (10.3) | |
 IV | 51 (1.3) | 37 (1.4) | 14 (1.2) | |
T stage | ||||
 T1 | 33 (0.9) | 26 (1.0) | 7 (0.6) | 0.789 |
 T2 | 181 (4.7) | 124 (4.6) | 57 (5.0) | |
 T3 | 3190 (83.3) | 2233 (83.4) | 957 (83.1) | |
 T4a | 108 (2.8) | 77 (2.9) | 31 (2.7) | |
 T4b | 317 (8.3) | 218 (8.1) | 99 (8.6) | |
LODDS | ||||
 < − 1.5 | 1020 (26.6) | 714 (26.7) | 306 (26.6) | 0.521 |
 − 1.5 ~ − 0.4 | 2394 (62.5) | 1664 (62.1) | 730 (63.4) | |
 ≥ − 0.4 | 415 (10.8) | 300 (11.2) | 115 (10.0) | |
Tumor size(mm) | ||||
 < 46 | 1942 (50.7) | 1360 (50.8) | 582 (50.6) | 0.747 |
 46–70 | 1349 (35.2) | 949 (35.4) | 400 (34.7) | |
 ≥ 70 | 538 (14.1) | 369 (13.8) | 169 (14.7) | |
CEA level | ||||
 Negative | 2144 (56.0) | 1514 (56.5) | 630 (54.7) | 0.304 |
 Positive | 1685 (44.0) | 1164 (43.5) | 521 (45.3) | |
Postoperative chemotherapy | ||||
 No | 1651 (43.1) | 1166 (43.5) | 485 (42.1) | 0.422 |
 Yes | 2178 (56.9) | 1512 (56.5) | 666 (57.9) | |
Postoperative radiation | ||||
 No | 3700 (96.6) | 2593 (96.8) | 1107 (96.2) | 0.308 |
 Yes | 129 (3.4) | 85 (3.2) | 44 (3.8) | |