Table 1 Descriptive patient data
From: The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical therapy and care: a cross-sectional study
Variable | Year | COVID-19 period | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall, N = 10,723a | 2018, N = 3521a | 2019, N = 3776a | 2020, N = 3426a | p-valueb | q-valuec | Overall, N = 4510a | 2018 Reference, N = 1631a | 2019 Reference, N = 1658a | COVID-19, N = 1221a | p-valueb | q-valuec | |
Sex (f) | 4744 (44%) | 1517 (43%) | 1688 (45%) | 1539 (45%) | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1990 (44%) | 705 (43%) | 749 (45%) | 536 (44%) | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Age in years | 52 (38, 63) | 53 (39, 64) | 52 (37, 63) | 52 (38, 63) | 0.068 | 0.11 | 52 (38, 63) | 52 (38, 64) | 52 (37, 63) | 54 (40, 64) | 0.038 | 0.10 |
Campus | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||||||||
Charite Mitte | 4166 (39%) | 1459 (41%) | 1407 (37%) | 1300 (38%) | 1671 (37%) | 621 (38%) | 612 (37%) | 438 (36%) | ||||
Charite Virchow-Klinikum | 6557 (61%) | 2062 (59%) | 2369 (63%) | 2126 (62%) | 2839 (63%) | 1.10 (62%) | 1.46 (63%) | 783 (64%) | ||||
Length of hospital stay | 7 (5, 13) | 8 (5, 14) | 7 (5, 12) | 7 (5, 13) | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 8 (5, 14) | 8 (5, 13) | 7 (5, 13) | 8 (5, 15) | 0.002 | 0.013 |
Indication for surgery | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Appendix | 542 (5.1%) | 135 (3.8%) | 213 (5.6%) | 194 (5.7%) | 231 (5.1%) | 77 (4.7%) | 88 (5.3%) | 66 (5.4%) | ||||
Colorectal | 1,715 (16%) | 513 (15%) | 608 (16%) | 594 (17%) | 753 (17%) | 239 (15%) | 278 (17%) | 236 (19%) | ||||
Gallbladder | 485 (4.5%) | 133 (3.8%) | 192 (5.1%) | 160 (4.7%) | 213 (4.7%) | 82 (5.0%) | 83 (5.0%) | 48 (3.9%) | ||||
Hepatobiliary | 916 (8.5%) | 317 (9.0%) | 318 (8.4%) | 281 (8.2%) | 407 (9.0%) | 149 (9.1%) | 144 (8.7%) | 114 (9.3%) | ||||
Hernia | 963 (9.0%) | 339 (9.6%) | 368 (9.7%) | 256 (7.5%) | 387 (8.6%) | 152 (9.3%) | 167 (10%) | 68 (5.6%) | ||||
Others | 1,111 (10%) | 352 (10.0%) | 414 (11%) | 345 (10%) | 414 (9.2%) | 144 (8.8%) | 163 (9.8%) | 107 (8.8%) | ||||
Pancreas | 554 (5.2%) | 179 (5.1%) | 200 (5.3%) | 175 (5.1%) | 216 (4.8%) | 74 (4.5%) | 80 (4.8%) | 62 (5.1%) | ||||
Parathyroid | 213 (2.0%) | 63 (1.8%) | 86 (2.3%) | 64 (1.9%) | 82 (1.8%) | 30 (1.8%) | 32 (1.9%) | 20 (1.6%) | ||||
Peritoneal malignancies | 192 (1.8%) | 74 (2.1%) | 62 (1.6%) | 56 (1.6%) | 75 (1.7%) | 34 (2.1%) | 23 (1.4%) | 18 (1.5%) | ||||
Small intestine | 408 (3.8%) | 140 (4.0%) | 122 (3.2%) | 146 (4.3%) | 182 (4.0%) | 67 (4.1%) | 60 (3.6%) | 55 (4.5%) | ||||
Thorax | 1,362 (13%) | 455 (13%) | 438 (12%) | 469 (14%) | 576 (13%) | 218 (13%) | 185 (11%) | 173 (14%) | ||||
Thyroid | 536 (5.0%) | 152 (4.3%) | 194 (5.1%) | 190 (5.5%) | 214 (4.7%) | 59 (3.6%) | 91 (5.5%) | 64 (5.2%) | ||||
Transplantation | 466 (4.3%) | 152 (4.3%) | 148 (3.9%) | 166 (4.8%) | 193 (4.3%) | 61 (3.7%) | 72 (4.3%) | 60 (4.9%) | ||||
Upper GI | 842 (7.9%) | 240 (6.8%) | 295 (7.8%) | 307 (9.0%) | 389 (8.6%) | 114 (7.0%) | 152 (9.2%) | 123 (10%) | ||||
Vascular | 418 (3.9%) | 277 (7.9%) | 118 (3.1%) | 23 (0.7%) | 178 (3.9%) | 131 (8.0%) | 40 (2.4%) | 7 (0.6%) | ||||
Postoperative complications | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.2 | 0.3 | ||||||||
No complications | 8450 (79%) | 2,725 (77%) | 3001 (79%) | 2724 (80%) | 3535 (78%) | 1280 (78%) | 1309 (79%) | 946 (77%) | ||||
Clavien-Dindo I | 385 (3.6%) | 123 (3.5%) | 158 (4.2%) | 104 (3.0%) | 165 (3.7%) | 53 (3.2%) | 69 (4.2%) | 43 (3.5%) | ||||
Clavien-Dindo II | 463 (4.3%) | 171 (4.9%) | 162 (4.3%) | 130 (3.8%) | 186 (4.1%) | 71 (4.4%) | 64 (3.9%) | 51 (4.2%) | ||||
Clavien-Dindo IIIa | 438 (4.1%) | 139 (3.9%) | 148 (3.9%) | 151 (4.4%) | 182 (4.0%) | 54 (3.3%) | 73 (4.4%) | 55 (4.5%) | ||||
Clavien-Dindo IIIb | 509 (4.7%) | 195 (5.5%) | 158 (4.2%) | 156 (4.6%) | 212 (4.7%) | 89 (5.5%) | 69 (4.2%) | 54 (4.4%) | ||||
Clavien-Dindo IVa | 266 (2.5%) | 75 (2.1%) | 96 (2.5%) | 95 (2.8%) | 122 (2.7%) | 41 (2.5%) | 45 (2.7%) | 36 (2.9%) | ||||
Clavien-Dindo IVb | 69 (0.6%) | 32 (0.9%) | 18 (0.5%) | 19 (0.6%) | 34 (0.8%) | 14 (0.9%) | 13 (0.8%) | 7 (0.6%) | ||||
Clavien-Dindo V | 143 (1.3%) | 61 (1.7%) | 35 (0.9%) | 47 (1.4%) | 74 (1.6%) | 29 (1.8%) | 16 (1.0%) | 29 (2.4%) | ||||
ASA | < 0.001 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | 0.006 | ||||||||
ASA 1 | 898 (9.5%) | 207 (7.9%) | 327 (9.2%) | 364 (11%) | 401 (10%) | 112 (9.2%) | 155 (10%) | 134 (12%) | ||||
ASA 2 | 4184 (44%) | 1220 (47%) | 1643 (46%) | 1321 (41%) | 1,717 (44%) | 572 (47%) | 702 (45%) | 443 (38%) | ||||
ASA 3 | 4064 (43%) | 1146 (44%) | 1470 (41%) | 1448 (45%) | 1,691 (43%) | 513 (42%) | 642 (41%) | 536 (46%) | ||||
ASA 4 | 261 (2.8%) | 50 (1.9%) | 104 (2.9%) | 107 (3.3%) | 111 (2.8%) | 24 (2.0%) | 47 (3.0%) | 40 (3.5%) | ||||
ASA 5 | 9 (< 0.1%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (0.2%) | 2 (< 0.1%) | 5 (0.1%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (0.2%) | 2 (0.2%) | ||||
Type of surgery | 0.006 | 0.016 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||||||||
Minor resection | 7250 (68%) | 2452 (70%) | 2505 (66%) | 2293 (67%) | 3031 (67%) | 1114 (68%) | 1107 (67%) | 810 (66%) | ||||
Major resection | 3473 (32%) | 1069 (30%) | 1271 (34%) | 1133 (33%) | 1479 (33%) | 517 (32%) | 551 (33%) | 411 (34%) | ||||
Complication | ||||||||||||
Bleeding | 294 (2.7%) | 102 (2.9%) | 93 (2.5%) | 99 (2.9%) | 0.4 | 0.5 | 117 (2.6%) | 41 (2.5%) | 33 (2.0%) | 43 (3.5%) | 0.037 | 0.10 |
Gastrointestinal | 543 (5.1%) | 180 (5.1%) | 181 (4.8%) | 182 (5.3%) | 0.6 | 0.7 | 234 (5.2%) | 74 (4.5%) | 82 (4.9%) | 78 (6.4%) | 0.075 | 0.2 |
Cardiovascular | 207 (1.9%) | 82 (2.3%) | 63 (1.7%) | 62 (1.8%) | 0.10 | 0.2 | 95 (2.1%) | 37 (2.3%) | 28 (1.7%) | 30 (2.5%) | 0.3 | 0.5 |
Hepatobiliary | 216 (2.0%) | 74 (2.1%) | 78 (2.1%) | 64 (1.9%) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 96 (2.1%) | 27 (1.7%) | 39 (2.4%) | 30 (2.5%) | 0.2 | 0.4 |
Organisational | 384 (3.6%) | 231 (6.6%) | 87 (2.3%) | 66 (1.9%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 189 (4.2%) | 116 (7.1%) | 34 (2.1%) | 39 (3.2%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Pancreatic | 130 (1.2%) | 42 (1.2%) | 53 (1.4%) | 35 (1.0%) | 0.3 | 0.4 | 63 (1.4%) | 19 (1.2%) | 28 (1.7%) | 16 (1.3%) | 0.4 | 0.5 |
Pulmonary | 741 (6.9%) | 269 (7.6%) | 235 (6.2%) | 237 (6.9%) | 0.058 | 0.11 | 336 (7.5%) | 124 (7.6%) | 112 (6.8%) | 100 (8.2%) | 0.3 | 0.5 |
Renal | 453 (4.2%) | 174 (4.9%) | 157 (4.2%) | 122 (3.6%) | 0.016 | 0.036 | 199 (4.4%) | 74 (4.5%) | 69 (4.2%) | 56 (4.6%) | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Infectious | 281 (2.6%) | 120 (3.4%) | 77 (2.0%) | 84 (2.5%) | < 0.001 | 0.003 | 123 (2.7%) | 47 (2.9%) | 36 (2.2%) | 40 (3.3%) | 0.2 | 0.3 |
Transplantation | 142 (1.3%) | 44 (1.2%) | 38 (1.0%) | 60 (1.8%) | 0.020 | 0.039 | 60 (1.3%) | 16 (1.0%) | 18 (1.1%) | 26 (2.1%) | 0.016 | 0.074 |
Surgical site infection | 604 (5.6%) | 196 (5.6%) | 207 (5.5%) | 201 (5.9%) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 253 (5.6%) | 75 (4.6%) | 93 (5.6%) | 85 (7.0%) | 0.025 | 0.091 |