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Table 4 Risk factors associated with overall survival in 2013–2018

From: Surgical outcomes and prognostic factors of distal common bile duct adenocarcinoma: chronological analysis in a single high-volume institutional experience

Variables

Reference

Effect

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysis

HR

95% CI

p -value

HR

95% CI

p -value

Age

  

1.023

1.003–1.043

0.023

1.033

1.012–1.054

0.002

Sex

M

F

0.728

0.509–1.040

0.081

   

BMI (kg/m2)

  

0.891

0.841–0.943

< 0.001

0.891

0.840–0.946

< 0.001

ASA score

1

2

0.712

0.453–1.118

0.140

   

3 + 4

1.123

0.606–2.082

0.712

   

Preoperative DM

No

Yes

1.222

0.846–1.764

0.284

   

Preoperative total bilirubin

  

1.021

1.002–1.041

0.029

1.014

0.992–1.036

0.210

Preoperative biliary drainage

No

Yes

1.279

0.831–1.969

0.263

   

Preoperative CA19-9

< 37

≤ 37

1.935

1.390–2.695

< 0.001

1.516

1.076–2.135

0.017

Procedure

PPPD

PRPD

1.567

1.078–2.277

0.019

1.348

0.919–1.979

0.127

  

HPD

1.856

0.993–3.468

0.052

2.093

1.075–4.075

0.030

  

TP

1.205

0.168–8.652

0.853

1.841

0.249–13.632

0.550

Other organ resection

No

Yes

0.807

0.299–2.180

0.672

   

Combined vascular resection

No

Yes

1.307

0.687–2.487

0.414

   

Operation time (minutes)

  

1.002

0.999–1.004

0.143

   

EBL

  

1.000

1.000-1.001

0.302

   

Intraoperative transfusion

No

Yes

1.448

0.819–2.561

0.203

   

Tumor size

  

1.058

0.938–1.193

0.361

   

T stage

T1

T2

2.164

1.080–4.333

0.029

1.237

0.546–2.801

0.610

  

T3

2.949

1.584–5.490

0.001

1.803

0.840–3.869

0.130

Differentiation

Well

Mod

2.154

1.041–4.458

0.039

1.047

0.438–2.502

0.918

  

Poor

3.996

1.894–8.431

< 0.001

1.819

0.744–4.447

0.189

  

Undiff

1.758

0.373–8.284

0.475

0.549

0.106–2.860

0.477

 N stage

N0

N1

1.869

1.302–2.682

0.001

1.634

1.129–2.366

0.009

  

N2

3.164

1.892–5.292

< 0.001

2.600

1.530–4.419

< 0.001

Resection status

R0

R1

1.535

0.899–2.622

0.116

   
  

R2

2.577

0.636–10.436

0.185

   

PNI

No

Yes

2.625

1.561–4.415

< 0.001

1.299

0.625–2.697

0.483

LVI

No

Yes

1.853

1.334–2.572

< 0.001

1.233

0.777–1.957

0.375

Hospitalization (days)

  

1.007

0.994–1.020

0.267

   

POPF

BL(no)

B

1.287

0.776–2.135

0.329

   
  

C

0.536

0.075–3.838

0.535

   

CDC classification

No

I

0.921

0.128–6.622

0.934

   
  

II

1.016

0.658–1.567

0.944

   
  

IIIa

1.013

0.653–1.573

0.953

   
  

IIIb

0.821

0.259–2.604

0.738

   
  

IVa

1.320

0.608–2.865

0.482

   

Adjuvant treatment

No

Yes

0.872

0.608–1.249

0.454

   
  1. Significant values are indicated in bold
  2. BMI body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, DM Diabetes Mellitus, CA19-9 carbohydrate antigen 19 − 9, PPPD Pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, PRPD Pylorus resecting pancreaticoduodenectomy, HPD hepaticopancreaticoduodenectomy, TP total pancreatectomy, EBL estimated blood loss, Mod Moderate, Undiff Undifferentiated, PNI Perineural invasion, LVI Lymphovascular invasion, POPF postoperative pancreatic fistula, BL Biochemical leak, CDC Clavien-Dindo classification
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