Fig. 2

Representative imaging and intraoperative pictures of the patients with non-traumatic biliary stricture. A Enhanced computed tomography showed that the low confluence was located in the independent right posterior biliary of the common biliary duct, and there formed an abscess. B Preoperative transhepatic cholangiography indicated that the low confluence located in the independent right posterior biliary of the common biliary duct was not anatomized, and there formed calculus in the lower end of the common biliary duct. C Radiography demonstrated intestinal obstruction of biliary output loop in the near anastomotic stoma. D Intraoperative imaging showed the over-short biliary output loop. E Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging indicated calculous obstruction of biliary output loop after cholangiojejunostomy