Table 1 Patient and Clinical Characteristics
Parameters | Total (n) | Perineal hernia | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Presence | Absence | |||
n = 19 | n = 54 | |||
Patient-related variables | ||||
Age | ||||
Median (range) | 66 (42–89) | 68 (31–86) | 0.472 | |
Sex | ||||
Male | 49 | 11 | 38 | 0.325 |
Female | 24 | 8 | 16 | |
BMI* (kg/m2) | ||||
Median (range) | 20.3 (17.9–34.8) | 21.5 (15.9–33.8) | 0.991 | |
ASA-PS** | ||||
1 | 15 | 6 | 9 | 0.404 |
2 | 54 | 12 | 42 | |
3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | |
Tumor-related variables | ||||
Depth of the tumor | ||||
pT1 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0.344 |
pT2 | 19 | 5 | 14 | |
pT3 | 40 | 10 | 30 | |
pT4b | 7 | 3 | 4 | |
CR | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
Maximum diameter of tumor (mm) | ||||
Median (range) | 47 (0–116) | 44 (0–280) | 0.173 | |
Site of inferior margin of the tumor | ||||
Upper rectum | 0 | 2 | 0.387 | |
Lower rectum | 15 | 36 | ||
Anal canal | 4 | 16 | ||
Simultaneous distant metastasis | ||||
Yes | 7 | 1 | 6 | 0.431 |
No | 66 | 18 | 48 | |
Therapeutic variables | ||||
Preoperative therapy | ||||
Total | ||||
Yes | 21 | 7 | 14 | 0.373 |
No | 62 | 12 | 40 | |
NCRT*** | ||||
Yes | 9 | 4 | 5 | 0.200 |
No | 64 | 15 | 49 | |
Systemic chemotherapy | ||||
Yes | 15 | 4 | 11 | 0.950 |
No | 58 | 15 | 43 | |
Surgical approach | ||||
Endoscopic surgery | 56 | 14 | 42 | 0.738 |
Robot-assisted surgery | 8 | 3 | 5 | |
Trans-perineal approach | 9 | 2 | 7 | |
Multivisceral resection | ||||
Yes | 7 | 3 | 4 | 0.308 |
No | 66 | 16 | 50 | |
Lateral pelvic lymphnode dissection | ||||
Yes | 37 | 9 | 28 | 0.737 |
No | 36 | 10 | 26 | |
Route of stoma | ||||
Transperitoneal route | 51 | 14 | 37 | 0.670 |
Retroperitoneal route | 22 | 5 | 17 | |
Pelvic peritoneal closure | ||||
Yes | 11 | 0 | 11 | 0.007 |
No | 62 | 19 | 43 | |
Operating time (min) | ||||
Median (range) | 553 (276–850) | 671 (281–1089) | 0.256 | |
Bleeding (g) | ||||
Median (range) | 210 (0–940) | 232 (0–1267) | 0.799 | |
Transfusion | ||||
Yes | 10 | 2 | 8 | 0.632 |
No | 63 | 17 | 46 | |
Residual tumor | ||||
R0# | 66 | 17 | 49 | 0.732 |
R1## | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
R2### | 5 | 1 | 4 | |
Postoperative systemic chemotherapy | ||||
Yes | 33 | 7 | 26 | 0.392 |
No | 40 | 12 | 28 | |
Postoperative variables | ||||
Postoperative complication | ||||
Perineal wound dehiscence | ||||
Yes | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0.120 |
No | 65 | 15 | 50 | |
Pelvic abscess | ||||
Yes | 9 | 1 | 8 | 0.240 |
No | 64 | 18 | 46 | |
Urinary disorder | ||||
Yes | 12 | 3 | 9 | 0.929 |
No | 61 | 16 | 45 | |
Ileus | ||||
Yes | 9 | 2 | 7 | 0.778 |
No | 64 | 17 | 47 | |
Length of postoperative hospital stay (day) | ||||
Median (range) | 17 (8–66) | 18 (5–75) | 0.898 | |