The effects of preoperative supplementation with a combination of beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine on inflammatory and hematological markers of patients with heart surgery: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Comparison of the serum inflammatory markers between groups at the baseline and end of the study

Variable^a		Heallagen (n = 30)	Placebo (n = 30)	P^b	P-adjusted 1^c
TNF-α(pg/ml)	Baseline	62.60 ± 40.56	86.63 ± 63.08	0.010*	0.011^¥
	End of the study	142.93 ± 61.02	212.33 ± 196.37	0.745*	0.682^¥
	Changes	80.33 ± 52.00	125.70 ± 196.44	0.865*	0.977^¥
	P^d	< 0.001*	< 0.001*
IL-1(pg/ml)	Baseline	344.41 ± 17.55	340.21 ± 16.54	0.307*	0.380^¥
	End of the study	289.23 ± 117.36	360.29 ± 169.66	0.062*	0.120^¥
	Changes	− 55.17 ± 104.24	20.07 ± 109.57	0.032*	0.046^¥
	P^d	0.043*	0.504*
IL-6(pg/ml)	Baseline	7.26 ± 2.81	6.44 ± 2.99	0.594*	0.366^¥
	End of the study	10.67 ± 5.66	13.08 ± 5.55	0.023*	0.041^¥
	Changes	3.41 ± 7.10	6.63 ± 7.44	0.370	0.108
	P^d	< 0.001*	< 0.001*
	P^d	< 0.001*	< 0.001*
ESR(mm/h)	Baseline	10.33 ± 11.02	21.56 ± 21.76	0.017*	0.046^¥
	End of the study	17.50 ± 12.41	58.60 ± 33.78	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Changes	7.16 ± 11.77	37.03 ± 37.44	< 0.001	< 0.001
	P^d	0.005*	< 0.001*
hs-CRP(mg/l)	Baseline	2.54 ± 2.10	2.25 ± 0.79	0.388*	0.348^¥
	End of the study	21.33 ± 11.54	51.06 ± 14.33	< 0.001*	< 0.001^¥
	Changes	18.79 ± 11.16	48.81 ± 14.36	< 0.001	< 0.001
	P^d	< 0.001*	< 0.001*

TNF-α tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1 interleukin-1, IL-6 interleukin-6, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hs-CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein
^aData are presented as mean (SD)
^bCalculated using independent sample t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test (indicated by *)
^cCalculated using ANCOVA or non-parametric ranked ANCOVA (indicated by ^¥), adjusted for the effect of BMI, age, -gender and history of HTN
^dCalculated using
paired t-test or Wilcoxon rank test (indicated by *)

ISSN: 1471-2482