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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors for renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus

From: Renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus growing against the direction of venous return: an indicator of complicated surgery and poor prognosis

 

Univariate

Multivariate

HR

95% CI

P

HR

95% CI

P

Gender

1.036

0.640–1.667

0.885

   

Age

0.987

0.968–1.006

0.182

   

Clinical symptoms

 No

  

Reference

  

Reference

 Local symptoms

2.366

1.218–4.584

0.011*

1.944

0.942–4.009

0.072

 Systemic symptoms

3.719

1.540–8.895

0.004*

2.974

1.183–7.474

0.020*

 Both

4.375

2.143–8.932

0.000*

3.792

1.779–8.084

0.001*

BMI

0.956

0.906–1.009

0.100

   

Surgical approach

 Laparoscope

  

Reference

   

 Open

1.907

1.233–2.950

0.004*

–

–

0.760

Mayo classification

 0

  

Reference

   

 1

0.589

0.271–1.280

0.181

   

 2

1.202

0.709–2.039

0.494

   

 3

1.907

0.959–3.796

0.066

   

 4

1.394

0.641–3.030

0.402

   

IVC segmental resection

1.855

1.153–2.983

0.011*

–

–

0.571

Preoperative serum creatinine

1.003

0.994–1.011

0.540

   

Serum creatinine 1 week after operation

1.002

1.001–1.004

0.010*

1.003

1.001–1.005

0.003*

Side

 Left

  

Reference

   

 Right

0.706

0.465–1.070

0.101

   

Tumor diameter

1.059

 

0.077

   

Clinical N stage

 cN0

  

Reference

   

 cN1

1.521

0.980–2.359

0.061

   

Adrenal metastasis

1.425

0.737–2.756

0.293

   

Distant metastasis

2.571

1.690–3.912

< 0.001*

2.571

1.580–4.010

< 0.001*

Bland thrombus

1.751

1.120–2.738

0.014*

–

–

0.632

Sarcomatoid feature

2.777

1.651–4.669

< 0.001*

2.698

1.541–4.809

0.001*

Perirenal fat infiltration

1.545

1.011–2.363

0.045*

–

–

0.802

Pathology type

 Clear cell RCC

  

Reference

   

 Non‐clear cell RCC

2.630

1.627–4.254

< 0.001*

2.206

1.286–3.783

0.004*

Nuclear grade

 1–2

  

Reference

   

 3–4

1.953

1.236–3.085

0.004*

–

–

0.098

Lymph node dissection

2.249

1.474–3.431

< 0.001*

1.981

1.271–3.087

0.003*

ASA grade

 1

  

Reference

   

 2

0.657

0.302–1.431

0.290

   

 3

0.814

0.320–2.069

0.665

   

Operative time

1.002

1.001–1.004

0.002*

–

–

0.179

Surgical blood loss

1.000

1.000–1.000

0.013*

–

–

0.532

Postoperative complication

1.509

0.990–2.298

0.055

   

Severe postoperative complication

1.833

0.948–3.543

0.071

   

Thrombus adhering to the IVC

1.297

0.855–1.968

0.221

   

GADVR

2.125

1.124–4.019

0.020*

2.039

1.030–4.038

0.041*

  1. HR Hazard ratios, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, IVC inferior vena cava, RCC renal cell carcinoma, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, GADVR growing against the direction of venous return 
  2. *p<0.05
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