Fig. 1

Morphological diagram of GADVR tumor thrombus and non-GADVR tumor thrombus and enhanced CT examination of the urinary system in typical patients (coronal position): The left image was diagram and the right image was enhanced CT examination of the urinary system (coronal position). A Right RCC with IVC tumor thrombus without GADVR tumor thrombus: The tumor occurs from the right kidney, forming tumor thrombus in the right renal vein, and grows into the IVC with the direction of venous return. B Right RCC with IVC tumor thrombus accompanied by GADVR tumor thrombus: The tumor occurs from the right kidney and forms tumor thrombus in the right renal vein. In addition to part of the tumor grows in the IVC with the direction of venous return, another part grows in the left renal vein against the direction of venous return or in the right gonadal vein against the direction of venous return. C Left RCC with IVC tumor thrombus without GADVR tumor thrombus: The tumor occurs from the left kidney, forming tumor thrombus in the left renal vein, and grows into the IVC with the direction of venous return. D Left RCC with IVC tumor thrombus accompanied by GADVR tumor thrombus: The tumor occurs from the left kidney and forms tumor thrombus in the left renal vein. In addition to part of the tumor grows into the IVC with the direction of venous return, another part of the tumor grows into the left renal vein branches such as the left adrenal vein, gonadal vein, and ascending lumbar vein, against the direction of venous return