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Table 2 Comparison of GOALS scores between the two groups: the non-medical professionals versus surgeons

From: Validation of a novel virtual reality simulation system with the focus on training for surgical dissection during laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy

 

Non-medical professional

n = 6

Surgeons

n = 44

P value

Depth perception

2.5 (2–3)

4.0 (3–4)

0.0036

Bimanual dexterity

2 (1.25–2)

4 (3.0–4)

0.00065

Efficiency

2.5 (2–3)

4 (3–4)

0.0018

Tissue handling

4 (3.25–4)

4 (4.0–5)

0.044

Total score

11.5 (9.5–12)

16.0 (14.0–17)

0.001

  1. Median (IQR) Wilcoxon rank sum test
  2. Values are medians, with interquartile range in parentheses