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Table 1 Baseline and surgery related characteristics of the patients

From: Dual antiplatelet therapy before coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study

Variable

Aspirin alone

(n = 124)

DAPT

(n = 120)

Total

(n = 244)

p value

Age (year)

61.3 ± 9.0

59.4 ± 9.2

60.4 ± 9.2

0.097

Gender

    

 Female

36 (29.0)

36 (30.0)

72 (29.5)

0.868

 Male

88 (71.0)

84 (70.0)

172 (70.5)

 

Marital status

    

 Not married

9 (7.3)

7 (5.8)

16 (6.6)

0.653

 Married

115 (92.7)

113 (94.2)

228 (93.4)

 

Education

    

 Less than diploma

8 (6.7)

20 (17.5)

28 (12.0)

0.009a

 Diploma

106 (88.3)

91 (79.8)

197 (84.2)

 

 Graduate

6 (5.0)

3 (2.6)

9 (3.8)

 

Income

    

 < 3 million Tomans

5 (4.1)

11 (9.5)

16 (6.8)

0.089a

 3–6 million Tomans

105 (86.8)

98 (84.5)

203 (85.6)

 

 > 6 million Tomans

11 (9.1)

7 (6.0)

18 (7.6)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

    

 < 18.9

5 (4.0)

0 (0.0)

5 (2.0)

0.001b

 18.9–24.9

53 (42.7)

40 (33.3)

93 (38.1)

 

 25–29.9

37 (29.8)

62 (51.7)

99 (40.6)

 

 > 30

29 (23.4)

18 (15.0)

47 (19.3)

 

Physical activity (times/week)

    

 0–1 time

42 (34.2)

31 (25.8)

73 (30.0)

0.062

 2–4 times

61 (49.6)

55 (45.8)

116 (47.7)

 

 ≥ 5 times

20 (16.3)

34 (28.3)

54 (22.2)

 

Substance abuse

    

 Smoking

    

 No smoker

59 (47.6)

47 (39.2)

106 (43.4)

0.257

 Ex-smoker

18 (14.5)

15 (12.5)

33 (13.5)

 

 Current smoker

47 (37.9)

58 (48.3)

105 (43.0)

 

 Alcohol consumption

5 (4.0)

2 (1.7)

7 (2.9)

0.447b

Amphetamine

3 (2.4)

4 (3.33)

7 (2.9)

0.719b

Family history of CAD

19 (15.3)

19 (15.8)

38 (15.6)

0.912

Underlying diseasec

    

 Dyslipidaemia

23 (18.6)

10 (8.3)

33 (13.5)

0.020

 Hypertension

81 (65.3)

67 (55.8)

148 (60.7)

0.129

 Diabetes

67 (54.0)

54 (45.0)

121 (49.6)

0.158

 Renal failure

8 (6.4)

5 (4.2)

13 (5.3)

0.427

 Dialysis

2 (1.6)

3 (2.5)

5 (2.0)

0.680b

 PAD

5 (4.0)

4 (3.3)

9 (3.7)

 > 0.999b

 CVA

6 (4.8)

8 (6.7)

14 (5.7)

0.539

 COPD

8 (6.4)

20 (16.8)

28 (11.5)

0.012

 CAD

58 (46.8)

49 (40.8)

107 (43.8)

0.350

 MI

17 (13.7)

19 (15.8)

36 (14.8)

0.640

 Heart failure

4 (3.2)

3 (2.5)

5 (2.9)

 > 0.999b

 Previous PCI

11 (8.8)

22 (18.3)

33 (13.5)

0.031

 Previous CABG

1 (0.8)

1 (0.8)

2 (0.8)

 > 0.999b

Drug historyd

    

 Aspirin

78 (62.9)

51 (42.5)

129 (52.9)

0.001

 Clopidogrel

29 (23.4)

23 (19.2)

52 (21.3)

0.421

 ACE/ARBi

64 (51.6)

50 (41.7)

114 (46.7)

0.120

 Insulin

16 (12.9)

11 (9.2)

27 (11.1)

0.352

 Statins

66 (53.2)

35 (29.2)

101 (41.4)

 < 0.001

 Beta-blockers

50 (40.3)

35 (29.2)

85 (34.8)

0.067

 Ca-channel blocker

5 (4.0)

5 (4.2)

10 (4.1)

 > 0.999b

Clinical findings in admission

    

 SBP (mmHg)

128.4 ± 20.5

126.3 ± 22.3

127.4 ± 21.4

0.467

 DBP (mmHg)

76.2 ± 11.7

76.5 ± 11.9

76.3 ± 11.8

0.821

 Heart failure

8 (6.45)

3 (2.5)

11 (4.5)

0.217b

 Pulmonary edema

0 (0.0)

2 (1.7)

2 (0.8)

0.241b

 Cardiogenic shock

0 (0.0)

1 (0.8)

1 (0.4)

0.492b

 Syncope

2 (1.6)

1 (0.8)

3 (1.2)

 > 0.999b

Laboratory findings before surgery

    

 Haemoglobin (mg/dL)

13.0 ± 1.7

13.0 ± 1.8

13.0 ± 1.8

0.764

 Platelet (n/mm3)

222.0 ± 70.6

219.4 ± 65.2

220.8 ± 67.9

0.766

 WBC (n/mm3)

9.3 ± 3.8

10.1 ± 3.1

9.7 ± 3.5

0.067

 Cr (mg/dL)

1.2 ± 0.7

1.2 ± 0.8

1.2 ± 1.1

0.985

 Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

152.4 ± 42.5

163.0 ± 42.3

158.0 ± 42.5

0.087

 LDL (mg/dL)

94.8 ± 31.1

102.3 ± 31.8

98.8 ± 31.6

0.107

 HDL (mg/dL)

34.7 ± 7.4

35.2 ± 9.8

34.9 ± 8.8

0.715

 TG (mg/dL)

145.0 ± 99.9

141.0 ± 79.9

142.9 ± 89.6

0.763

 FBS (mg/dL)

141.4 ± 53.4

131.7 ± 46.7

136.7 ± 50.4

0.143

 HbA1c (%)

8.6 ± 2.2

7.4 ± 2.1

8.0 ± 2.2

0.009

ECG findings

    

 Complete heart block

0 (0.0)

2 (1.7)

2 (0.8)

0.241b

 LBBB

12 (9.7)

4 (3.3)

16 (6.6)

0.045

 RBBB

10 (8.1)

5 (4.2)

15 (6.2)

0.205

Echocardiography before surgery

    

 Ejection fraction (%)

46.9 ± 8.7

44.0 ± 9.5

45.4 ± 9.2

0.013

 ≥ 55%

35 (28.2)

24 (20.0)

59 (24.2)

0.032

 40–54%

71 (57.3)

67 (55.8)

138 (56.6)

 

 35–40%

9 (7.3)

12 (10.0)

21 (8.6)

 

 < 35%

9 (7.3)

17 (14.2)

26 (10.7)

 

Mitral regurgitation

    

 No

21 (16.9)

33 (27.5)

54 (22.1)

0.047b

 Mild

101 (81.4)

87 (72.5)

188 (77.0)

 

 Moderate

2 (1.6)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.8)

 

 PAP

26.3 ± 7.8

25.7 ± 8.2

26.1 ± 8.0

0658

Angiographic properties

    

 Left main involvement

    

 No

110 (88.7)

100 (83.3)

210 (86.1)

0.225

 Yes

14 (11.3)

20 (16.7)

34 (13.9)

 

 1VD

3 (2.4)

9 (7.5)

12 (4.9)

0.066d

 2VD

16 (12.9)

20 (16.7)

36 (14.8)

 

 3VD

105 (84.7)

91 (75.8)

196 (90.3)

 

Primary PCI

1 (0.8)

53 (44.2)

54 (22.1)

 < 0.001

Using balloon pump

0 (0.0)

3(2.5)

3 (1.2)

0.117

CABG data

    

Number of graft

    

 1

8 (6.4)

9 (7.5)

17 (7.0)

0.068a

 2

17 (13.7)

26 (21.7)

43 (17.6)

 

 3

47 (37.9)

47 (39.2)

94 (38.5)

 

 4

46 (37.1)

33 (27.5)

79 (32.4)

 

 5

6 (4.9)

5 (4.2)

11 (4.5)

 

LIMA usage

120 (96.8)

116 (96.7)

236 (96.7)

0.962

Off-pump surgery

10 (8.1)

16 (13.3)

26 (10.7)

0.182

  1. Bold values are significant
  2. Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation
  3. ACE/ARB angiotensin converting enzyme/angiotensin II receptor blockers; BMI body mass index; CAD coronary artery disease; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA Cerebrovascular accident; Cr creatinine; DBP diastolic blood pressure; ECG electrocardiogram; FBS fasting blood sugar test; HbA1c hemoglobin A1C; HDL high-density lipoprotein; LBBB left bundle branch block; LDL low-density lipoprotein; P-PCI primary percutaneous coronary intervention; RBBB right bundle branch block; TG triglycerides; WBC white blood cells; MI myocardial infarction; PAD peripheral arterial disease; PAP pulmonary artery pressure; PCI percutaneous coronary intervention; SBP systolic blood pressure; VD vessel disease
  4. aBased on Kruskal–Wallis test
  5. bBased of Fisher’s exact test
  6. cSince some patients had at least two underlying diseases, the total percentage is more than 100%
  7. dSince some patients had at least two drug history, the total percentage is more than 100%
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