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Table 3 Comparison of the increased particle counts along the operation among subgroups

From: Laparoscopic surgery produced less surgical smoke and contamination comparing with open surgery: the pilot study in fresh cadaveric experiment in COVID-19 pandemic

 

OC

OCE

LC

LCE

% Change between group and (p-value from pairwise comparison)

OC vs LC

OCE vs LCE

OC vs OCE

LC vs LCE

Increased particle counts along the operation (× 103 counts/m3)

Overall particle sizes

14,516 (6774)

6099 (1512)

4461 (919)

3015 (2128)

69.3% (0.10)

50.6% (0.20)

58.0% (0.10)

32.4% (0.40)

Particles size < 5 µm

14,429 (6769)

6024 (1503)

4400 (923)

2971 (2142)

69.5% (0.10)

50.7% (0.20)

58.3% (0.10)

32.5% (0.40)

Particles size ≥ 5 µm

87 (19)

75 (14)

61 (4)

44 (18)

29.9% (0.10)

41.3% (0.20)

13.8% (0.40)

27.9% (0.70)

  1. Data were presented as mean (SD) or percentage (p-value), OC open cholecystectomy without smoke evacuator use, OCE open cholecystectomy with smoke evacuator use, LC laparoscopic cholecystectomy without smoke evacuator use, LCE laparoscopic cholecystectomy with smoke evacuator use, µm micron