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Table 1 Demographics of the 5,880,829 surgical cases from ACS NSQIP from 2012–2018. Values are median [Interquartile Range] or number/proportion

From: Postoperative complications: an observational study of trends in the United States from 2012 to 2018

Procedure year

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

All

Individuals

543,815

651,770

750,792

885,350

1,000,195

1,028,574

1,020,333

5,880,829

Age; years

58 [45–69]

58 [45–69]

58 [44–69]

58 [45–69]

58 [45–69]

58 [45–69]

59 [45–70]

58 [45–69]

Sex; male

232,164 (42.7%)

276,715 (42.5%)

324,125

(43.2%)

384,005 (43.4%)

434,783 (43.5%)

443,156 (43.1%)

437,897 (42.9%)

2,532,845 (43.1%)

BMI; kg/m2

28.3

[24.4–33.5]

28.4 [24.4–33.7]

28.7 [24.5–33.8]

28.7 [24.7–33.9]

28.9 [24.8–34.0]

28.9 [24.9–34.1]

28.9 [24.9–34.0]

28.6 [24.8–33.9]

Surgery duration

86 min [50–144]

86 min

[50–143]

86 min [50–142]

84 min [50–139]

84 min [50–138]

85 min [51–139]

85 min (51–141)

85 min [50–140]

Ethnicity:

American Indian/ Alaska Native

2,639 (0.5%)

4,205 (0.6%)

5,390 (0.7%)

5,563 (0.6%)

5,408 (0.5%)

5,109 (0.5%)

5,145 (0.5%)

33,459 (0.6%)

Asian

16,423 (3.0%)

18,845 (2.9%)

21,080 (2.8%)

24,002 (2.7%)

26,504 (2.6%)

29,518 (2.9%)

30,423 (3.0%)

166,795

(2.8%)

Black or African American

50,557 (9.3%)

62,767 (9.6%)

75,877 (10.1%)

88,936 (10.0%)

100,507 (10.0%)

105,298 (10.2%)

102,018 (10.0%)

585,960

(10.0%)

Hispanic

5,688 (1.0%)

8,436 (1.3%)

11,258 (1.5%)

13,635 (1.5%)

17,953 (1.8%)

22,131 (2.2%)

24,678 (2.4%)

103,779

(1.8%)

Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander

2,336 (0.4%)

2.722 (0.4%)

3,103 (0.4%)

3,469 (0.4%)

3,768 (0.4%)

3,762 (0.4%)

3,616 (0.4%)

22,776 (0.4%)

White

403,719 (74.2%)

483,949 (74.3%)

551,803

(73.5%)

640,518 (72.3%)

705,368 (70.5%)

722,782 (70.3%)

700,901 (68.7%)

4,209,040

(71.6%)

Unknown/

Not reported

62,453 (11.5%)

70,844 (10.9%)

82,281 (11.0%)

109,227 (12.3%)

140,687 (14.1%)

139,974 (13.6%)

153,552 (15.0%)

759,018

12.9%

Comorbidities

Hypertension requiring medication

249,610

(45.9%)

298,722

(45.8%)

337,796

(45.0%)

398,197

(45.0%)

447,427

(44.7%)

458,267

(44.5%)

448,949

(44.0%)

2,638,968

(44.9%)

Diabetes

82,348 (15.1%)

99,985 (15.3%)

114,839 (15.3%)

136,865 (15.5%)

156,468 (15.6%)

160,816 (15.6%)

157,897 (15.5%)

909,218

(15.5%)

COPD

25,054 (4.6%)

30,229 (4.6%)

34,304 (4.6%)

40,980 (4.6%)

43,711 (4.4%)

43,623 (4.2%)

42,115 (4.1%)

260,016

(4.4%)

Ascites

2,495 (0.5%)

2,616 (0.4%)

2,832 (0.4%)

3,182 (0.4%)

3,016 (0.3%)

2,991 (0.3%)

2,896 (0.3%)

20,028 (0.3%)

Congestive heart failure

4,119 (0.8%)

5,421 (0.8%)

6,626 (0.9%)

8,221 (0.9%)

8,800 (0.9%)

8,538 (0.8%)

8,548 (0.8%)

50,273 (0.9%)

Dialysis

7,631

(1.4%)

9,062

(1.4%)

10,101

(1.3%)

11,985 (1.4%)

13,070 (1.3%)

13,206 (1.3%)

13,049 (1.3%)

78,104

(1.3%)

Disseminated cancer

11,287 (2.1%)

14,846 (2.3%)

17,846 (2.3%)

20,472 (2.3%)

22,355 (2.2%)

23,566 (2.3%)

23,252 (2.3%)

133,624

(2.3%)

Sepsis

29,103 (5.4%)

33,796 (5.2%)

39,512 (5.3%)

47,468 (5.4%)

54,688 (5.5%)

57,643 (5.6%)

57,067 (5.6%)

319,277

(5.4%)

Surgical subspecialty:

Cardiac

4,028

(0.7%)

3,093

(0.5%)

3,693

(0.5%)

4,033

(0.5%)

4,281

(0.4%)

4,012

(0.4%)

4,060

(0.4%)

27,200

(0.5%)

General surgery

277,926 (51.1%)

322,058 (49.4%)

360,397 (48.0%)

409,231 (46.2%)

445,639 (44.5%)

444,203 (43.2%)

432,703 (42.4%)

2,692,157

(45.8%)

Gynecology

36,941

(6.8%)

46,645 (7.2%)

55,339 (7.4%)

65,653 (7.4%)

77,744 (7.8%)

92,077 (9.0%)

98,826 (9.7%)

473,225

(8.0%)

Neurosurgery

23,585

(4.3%)

32,640 (5.0%)

37,442 (5.0%)

46,665 (5.3%)

53,127 (5.3%)

54,856 (5.3%)

53,632 (5.3%)

301,947

(5.1%)

Orthopedics

92,592

(17.0%)

122,036 (18.7%)

153,320 (20.4%)

197,868 (22.3%)

235,029 (23.5%)

243,991 (23.7%)

250,977 (24.6%)

1,295,813 (22.0%)

Otolaryngology

(ENT)

14,621

(2.7%)

17,001 (2.6%)

20,859 (2.8%)

24,658 (2.8%)

28,147 (2.8%)

27,891 (2.7%)

26,648 (2.6%)

159,825

(2.7%)

Plastics

14,777

(2.7%)

18,440 (2.8%)

21,108 (2.8%)

24,596 (2.8%)

29,382 (2.9%)

31,124 (3.0%)

31,706 (3.1%)

171,133

(2.9%)

Thoracic

7397

(1.4%)

8375 (1.3%)

9420 (1.3%)

9788 (1.1%)

11,323 (1.1%)

12,298 (1.2%)

12,458 (1.2%)

71,059

(1.2%)

Urology

29,044

(5.3%)

34,015 (5.2%)

39,632 (5.3%)

49,184 (5.6%)

57,963 (5.8%)

61,140 (5.9%)

60,039 (5.9%)

331,017

(5.6%)

Vascular

42,904

(7.9%)

47,467 (7.3%)

49,582 (6.6%)

53,674 (6.1%)

57,560 (5.8%)

56,981 (5.5%)

49,284 (4.8%)

357,452

(6.1%)

  1. COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ENT ear-nose-throat, BMI body mass index