Increasing rates of laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery and decreasing rates of surgical site infections: an observational study in Japan from 2012–2017

Table 1 Trends in the proportion of operations by surgical technique and variable in Japan, 2012–2017

Surgical technique	Variable	Rate per year	Chi²	p-value
Esophagectomy	Female	0.01	0.17	0.68
	Emergency surgery	− 0.03	0.49	0.48
	Open surgery	− 0.06	111.01	< 0.01*
Gastrectomy	Female	< 0.01	0.26	0.61
	Emergency surgery	− 0.01	0.60	0.44
	Open surgery	− 0.05	283.18	< 0.01*
Total gastrectomy	Female	− 0.01	0.99	0.32
	Emergency surgery	0.07	3.12	0.08
	Open surgery	− 0.02	33.86	< 0.01*
Distal gastrectomy	Female	0.01	3.41	0.06
	Emergency surgery	0.05	4.00	0.05
	Open surgery	− 0.04	424.46	< 0.01*
Small bowel surgery	Female	< 0.01	0.63	0.43
	Emergency surgery	< 0.01	0.01	0.94
	No stoma	< 0.01	0.05	0.82
Colon surgery	Female	< 0.01	4.68	0.03*
	Emergency surgery	< 0.01	0.25	< 0.01*
	Open surgery	− 0.05	2370.33	< 0.01*
	No stoma	< 0.01	18.03	< 0.01*
Rectal surgery	Female	0.01	6.14	< 0.01*
	Emergency surgery	0.07	26.09	< 0.01*
	Open surgery	− 0.08	1789.80	< 0.01*
	No stoma	− 0.02	98.87	< 0.01*

ISSN: 1471-2482