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Fig. 3 | BMC Surgery

Fig. 3

From: Inguinal hernia repair in inpatient children: a nationwide analysis of German administrative data

Fig. 3

Relevant changes in operative procedures for inguinal hernias over time. A Increasing percentages of open herniorrhaphys per year in males in all age groups [1–4: 0.5% (95% confidence interval: 0.4–0.7, P < 0.0001); 5–9: 0.8% (95% confidence interval: 0.5–1, P < 0.0001); 10–14: 1.1% (95% confidence interval: 0.6–1.5, P = 0.0006)] except the first year of life [0.14% (95% confidence interval: − 0.04–0.34, P = 0.11]. B Concomitant yearly decrease in percentages of open hernioplastys in males in all age groups [1–4: 0.6% (95% confidence interval: 0.4–0.7, P < 0.0001); 5–9: 0.8% (95% confidence interval: 0.5–1, P < 0.0001); 10–14: 1.1% (95% confidence interval: 0.7–1.5, P < 0.0001)] excluding the first year of life [0.2% (95% confidence interval: 0.06–0.4, P = 0.1158)]. C Decreasing per year percentages of open herniotomys in females in all age groups [< 1: 0.2% (95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.3, P = 0.0045); 1–4: 1.1% (95% confidence interval: 0.7–1.5, P < 0.0001); 5–9: 1.6% (95% confidence interval: 0.9–2.2, P = 0.0004); 10–14: 1.2% (95% confidence interval: 0.4–1.9, P = 0.0046)]. D Concomitant yearly increase in the percentage of laparoscopic herniotomys in females of all age groups [< 1: 0.2% (95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.3, P = 0.0046); 1–4: 1.1% (95% confidence interval: 0.7–1.5; P < 0.0001); 5–9: 1.6% (95% confidence interval: 0.9–2.2, P = 0.0004); 10–14: 1.2% (95% confidence interval: 0.4–1.9, P = 0.0046)]. All analyses were conducted using ordinary least square regression except for open herniorrhaphy/hernioplasty in males in the first year of life and open/laparoscopic herniotomys in females of the same age group

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