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Table 2 Comparison between thoracoscopy and thoracotomy groups

From: Clinical comparison between thoracoscopic and thoracotomy repair of Gross type C esophageal atresia

Variables

Thoracoscopy (n = 62)

Thoracotomy (n = 128)

Results

p

Operative time (median, minutes)

 

125.5 (90.0, 206.3)

130.0 (110.0, 150.0)

− 0.222

0.825

Method for fistula closure (n, %)

Transfixing suture

7 (11.48)

116 (94.31)

128.294

 < 0.001

 

Ham-lock clip

22 (36.07)

0 (0)

  
 

Ligation

32 (52.46)

7 (5.69)

  

Duration of mechanical ventilation after surgery (median, hours)

 

141.0 (117.5, 170.5)

93.0 (28.5, 212.5)

− 2.309

0.021

Duration of intensive care unit stay after surgery (median, days)

 

11 (8, 19)

13 (6, 23)

− 0.327

0.744

Parenteral nutrition treatment (median, days)

 

18 (13, 23)

15 (10, 22)

− 1.921

0.055

Days until starting liquid diet (median, days)

 

13 (9, 16)

12 (9, 19)

− 0.068

0.945

Feeding option before discharge (n, %)

Full oral

45 (72.58)

78 (60.94)

9.366

0.009

 

Tube feeding

10 (16.13)

11 (8.59)

  
 

Total parenteral nutrition

7 (11.29)

39 (30.47)

  

Total of duration of hospitalization (median, days)

 

25 (20, 34)

23 (18, 34)

− 0.606

0.544

Pneumothorax (n, %)

Yes

25 (40.98)

56 (44.09)

0.163

0.687

 

No

36 (59.02)

71 (55.91)

  

Management of pneumothorax (n, %)

Observation

10 (40.00)

14 (25.00)

7.806

0.020

 

Only Thoracentesis

8 (32.00)

8 (14.29)

  
 

Closed thoracic drainage (with/without thoracentesis)

7 (28.00)

34 (60.71)

  

Anastomotic leakage (n, %)

Yes

19 (30.65)

55 (42.97)

2.668

0.102

 

No

43 (69.35)

73 (57.03)

  

Anastomotic stricture (n, %)

Yes

25 (40.32)

23 (27.71)

2.549

0.110

 

No

37 (59.68)

60 (72.29)

  

Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (n, %)

Yes

7 (11.29)

6 (7.32)

0.679

0.410

 

No

55 (88.71)

76 (92.68)

  

Prognosis (n, %)

Survival

54 (87.10)

86 (67.19)

8.640

0.011

 

Death

2 (3.23)

9 (7.03)

  
 

Lost-to follow up

6 (9.68)

33 (25.78)

  

History of gastroesophageal reflux (n, %)

Yes

16 (29.63)

10 (15.63)

 

No

38 (70.37)

54 (84.38)

  

History of respiratory problems (n, %)

Yes

5 (10.20)

20 (30.77)

 

No

44 (89.80)

45 (69.23)