Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
All cases | Upper GI | Lower GI | |
|---|---|---|---|
N = 189* | N = 76 | N = 119 | |
General background | |||
Age (years) | 75 (65–95) | 75 (65–92) | 75 (65–95) |
Sex | |||
Male | 125 (66.1%) | 54 (71.0%) | 72 (62.0%) |
Female | 64 (33.8%) | 22 (28.9%) | 44 (37.9%) |
Comorbidity | |||
Hypertension | 100 (52.9%) | 42 (55.2%) | 60 (51.7%) |
Diabetes mellitus | 47 (24.8%) | 16 (21.0%) | 30 (25.8%) |
Hyperlipidemia | 34 (17.9%) | 16 (21.0%) | 17 (14.6%) |
Cardiovascular | 26 (13.7%) | 11 (14.4%) | 16 (13.7%) |
Cerebrovascular | 18 (9.5%) | 5 (6.5%) | 12 (10.3%) |
Renal | 11 (5.8%) | 3 (3.9%) | 8 (6.8%) |
Hemodialysis | 5 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (4.3%) |
Respiratory | 4 (2.1%) | 3 (3.9%) | 1 (0.8%) |
5-item modified frailty index | 0.98 ± 0.889 | 0.99 ± 0.893 | 0.97 ± 0.864 |
Surgical information | |||
Organ | |||
Esophagectomy | 2 (2.6%) | ||
Gastrectomy | 67 (88.2%) | ||
Distal | 37 (48.6%) | ||
Total | 14 (18.4%) | ||
Proximal | 8 (10.5%) | ||
Partial | 8 (10.5%) | ||
Bypass | 7 (9.2%) | ||
Colectomy | 77 (64.7%) | ||
Rectectomy | 27 (22.7%) | ||
Small intestine | 1 (0.8%) | ||
Stoma closure | 9 (7.7%) | ||
Ileostomy/colostomy | 2 (1.7%) | ||
Appendectomy | 3 (2.5%) | ||
Disease | |||
Malignant | 168 (88.8%) | 68 (89.4%) | 106 (91.3%) |
Benign | 21 (11.1%) | 8 (10.5%) | 10 (8.6%) |
Approach | |||
Open laparotomy | 78 (41.2%) | 53 (69.7%) | 33 (28.4%) |
Laparoscopic | 111 (58.7%) | 23 (30.2%) | 83 (71.5%) |
New preoperative evaluation | |||
InBody 770 | |||
BMI (kg/m²) | 22.5 (14.6–37.6) | 21.9 (14.6–32.8) | 22.8 (15.9–37.6) |
SMI (kg/m²) | |||
Men | 7.1 (4.1–10.2) | 7.0 (4.1–10.2) | 7.10 (5.20–9.20) |
Women | 5.8 (4.2–10.4) | 5.8 (4.8–7.8) | 5.8 (4.2–10.4) |
Abnormal | 78 (41.2%) | 35 (46.0%) | 45 (38.7%) |
Body fat (%) | 26.0 (7.1–47.0) | 24.5 (7.1–43.9) | 26.4 (12.1–47.0) |
Body cell mass (kg) | 26.7 (16.8–42.2) | 26.7(16.8–42.2) | 26.9 (17.5–38.2) |
SF-8 | |||
PCS score | |||
Men | 47.4 (18.6–59.2) | 48.0 (19.2–57.5) | 46.4 (18.6–59.2) |
Women | 48.4 (19.6–58.8) | 47.3 (19.6–57.5) | 49.0 (23.6–58.8) |
Abnormal | 43 (22.7%) | 13 (17.1%) | 31 (26.7%) |
MCS score | |||
Men | 49.3 (19.9–64.6) | 50.4 (26.6–64.6) | 48.9 (19.9–64.6) |
Women | 48.0 (24.4–57.3) | 48.6 (29.7–55.3) | 46.5 (24.4–57.3) |
Abnormal | 74 (39.1%) | 27 (35.5%) | 49 (42.2%) |
Blood pressure/pulse wave test | |||
CAVI | 9.31 ± 1.862 | 9.23 ± 1.879 | 9.36 ± 1.856 |
Abnormal (≥10) | 63 (33.3%) | 24 (31.5%) | 41 (35.3%) |
Surgical outcome | |||
Operative time (min) | 244.0 (65–788) | 261.5 (100–587) | 217.0 (65–788) |
Blood loss (g) | 40.0 (10–2995) | 66.5 (10–1635) | 20.0 (10–2995) |
Postoperative complication | |||
Clavien–Dindo Grade | |||
I | 6 (3.1%) | 2 (2.6%) | 4 (3.4%) |
II | 23 (12.1%) | 12 (15.7%) | 11 (9.4%) |
III | 21 (11.1%) | 10 (13.1%) | 12 (10.3%) |
IV | 6 (3.2%) | 3 (3.9%) | 3 (2.5%) |
V | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.9%) |
≥ III | 28 (14.8%) | 13 (17.1%) | 16 (13.7%) |
Type of complication (Grade ≥ III) | |||
Abdominal abscess | 9 (4.7%) | 5 (6.5%) | 4 (3.4%) |
Pulmonary complications | 7 (3.7%) | 5 (6.5%) | 2 (1.7%) |
Ileus | 6 (3.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (5.1%) |
Pancreatic fistula | 6 (3.1%) | 5 (6.5%) | 1 (0.9%) |
Anastomotic leakage | 3 (1.5%) | 2 (2.6%) | 1 (0.9%) |
Anastomotic bleeding | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.9%) |
Anastomotic stenosis | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Cerebral infarction | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Intestinal ischemia | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.9%) |
Myocardial infarction | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.9%) |
Postoperative stay (days) | 12 (3–197) | 13 (6–93) | 11 (3–197) |