Table 3 Independent risk factors for upstaging to invasive cancer in DCIS patients
Characteristic | OR | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Preoperative tumour size > 5 cm | 1.049 | 0.347–3.172 | 0.933 |
Presence of ultrasonic mass | 2.782 | 1.224–6.320 | 0.015 |
Multicentric tumour location | 1.244 | 0.374–4.138 | 0.722 |
Core-needle biopsy as a diagnostic method | 6.861 | 2.429–19.379 | < 0.001 |
TM | 1.738 | 0.796–3.796 | 0.166 |
Comedo necrosis | 0.972 | 0.406–2.327 | 0.950 |
High nuclear grade | 1.263 | 0.321–4.970 | 0.738 |
ER-negative | 0.830 | 0.290–2.378 | 0.729 |
PR-negative | 3.156 | 1.197–8.323 | 0.020 |
High Ki-67 labelling index | 1.167 | 0.519–2.623 | 0.710 |
Comedo type DCIS | 0.972 | 0.406–2.327 | 0.950 |