Skip to main content

Table 2 Clinicopathological predictive factors for DCIS upstaging to invasive cancer and lymph node metastasis

From: Necessity of sentinel lymph node biopsy in ductal carcinoma in situ patients: a retrospective analysis

Variable

Upstaging to invasive cancer (%)

Axillary lymph node metastasis (%)

Present

Absent

p-value

Present

Absent

p-value

Size of DCIS, cm

  

0.048

  

0.017

 ≤ 2

27 (17.3)

129 (82.7)

 

1 (0.6)

154 (99.4)

 

 > 2 and ≤ 5

22 (17.7)

102 (82.3)

 

1 (0.8)

123 (99.2)

 

 > 5

10 (37.3)

17 (63.0)

 

2 (7.1)

26 (92.9)

 

Palpability

  

0.177

  

0.215

 Non-palpable

41 (17.5)

193 (82.5)

 

2 (0.9)

232 (99.1)

 

 Palpable

18 (24.7)

55 (75.3)

 

2 (2.7)

71 (97.3)

 

Mammographic calcification

0.127

  

0.604

 Present

17 (14.8)

98 (85.2)

 

3 (1.6)

189 (98.4)

 

 Absent

42 (21.9)

150 (78.1)

 

1 (0.9)

114 (99.1)

 

Ultrasonic mass-forming lesions

0.001

  

0.135

 Present

49 (24.7)

149 (75.3)

 

4 (2.0)

194 (98.0)

 

 Absent

10 (9.2)

99 (90.8)

 

0 (0.0)

109 (100.0)

 

Tumour location

  

0.046

  

0.240

 Upper-outer

19 (18.1)

86 (81.9)

 

3 (2.9)

102 (97.1)

 

 Upper-inner

13 (26.0)

37 (74.0)

 

0 (0.0)

50 (100.0)

 

 Lower-outer

14 (23.3)

46 (76.7)

 

0 (0.0)

60 (100.0)

 

 Lower-inner

5 (7.7)

60 (92.3)

 

0 (0.0)

65 (100.0)

 

 Multicentric

8 (29.6)

19 (70.4)

 

1 (3.7)

26 (96.3)

 

Biopsy method

  

 < 0.001

  

0.212

 Core-needle

53 (30.5)

121 (69.5)

 

4 (2.3)

170 (97.7)

 

V ABB

1 (12.5)

7 (87.5)

 

0 (0.0)

8 (100.0)

 

E xcisional

5 (4.0)

120 (96.0)

 

0 (0.0)

125 (100.0)

 

Breast surgery

  

0.004

  

0.057

 BCS

18 (12.4)

127 (87.6)

 

0 (0.0)

145 (100.0)

 

 Mastectomy

41 (25.3)

121 (74.7)

 

4 (2.5)

158 (97.5)

 

Comedo necrosis

  

0.028

  

0.995

 Absent

22 (14.3)

132 (85.7)

 

2 (1.3)

152 (98.7)

 

 Present

37 (24.2)

116 (75.8)

 

2 (1.3)

151 (98.7)

 

Nuclear grade

  

0.021

  

0.478

 Low

6 (9.0)

61 (91.0)

 

0 (0.0)

67 (100.0)

 

 Intermediate

29 (19.3)

121 (80.7)

 

2 (1.3)

148 (98.7)

 

 High

24 (26.7)

66 (73.3)

 

2 (2.2)

88 (97.8)

 

ER

  

0.003

  

0.864

 Positive

38 (15.8)

203 (84.2)

 

3 (1.2)

238 (98.8)

 

 Negative

21 (31.8)

45 (68.2)

 

1 (1.5)

65 (98.5)

 

PR

  

 < 0.001

  

0.416

 Positive

28 (13.3)

183 (86.7)

 

2 (0.9)

209 (99.1)

 

 Negative

31 (32.3)

65 (67.7)

 

2 (2.1)

94 (97.9)

 

HER2 neu

  

0.201

  

0.966

 Negative

41 (17.6)

192 (82.4)

 

3 (1.3)

230 (98.7)

 

 Positive

18 (24.3)

56 (75.7)

 

1 (1.4)

73 (98.6)

 

Ki-67

  

0.010

  

0.714

 Low

26 (14.4)

155 (85.6)

 

2 (1.1)

179 (98.9)

 

 High

33 (26.2)

93 (73.8)

 

2 (1.6)

124 (98.4)

 

Type of DCIS

  

0.027

  

0.748

 Cribriform

18 (14.4)

107 (85.6)

 

2 (1.6)

123 (98.4)

 

 Solid

4 (10.8)

33 (89.2)

 

2 (1.4)

143 (98.6)

 

 Comedo

37 (25.5)

108 (74.5)

 

0 (0.0)

37 (100.0)

 

 Total

59 (19.2)

248 (80.8)

 

4 (1.3)

303 (98.7)

 
  1. BCS breast-conserving surgery, DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ, ER oestrogen receptor, HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, PR progesterone receptor, VABB vacuum-assisted breast biopsy