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Table 1 Participants’ demographic and specialty

From: A haptic laparoscopic trainer based on affine velocity analysis: engineering and preliminary results

Group

General information

Speciality

Experience

Total number (Male:Female)

Mean age (range)

Paediatric

Gynaecology

Urology

Digestive

Visceral

Orthopaedic

General

Experts

17 (13:4)

41.5 (62–30)

1

1

8

4

2

1

0

\(\ge\) 100 interventionsa

Intermediates

12 (11 :1)

28 (32–25)

0

0

10

0

2

0

0

5-20 interventionsa

Inexperienced interns

28 (20 :8)

25.3 (40–23)

0

0

0

0

0

0

28

Weak experienceb

Novices

20 (7:13)

31.5 (53–18)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

No experiencec

  1. aAs main operator
  2. bNever performed any laparoscopic operation but had some basic open surgery experience like knot tying and suturing
  3. cStudents with no medical education or surgical skills