Table 2 Pilot study results

Demographics of the participants

Age (years)

34 (28–42)

Gender (male)

4 (67%)

Prior experience with pancreatoduodenectomy (as primary surgeon) (times)

3.5 (0–15)

Prior experience with PJ anastomosis (as primary surgeon) (times)

2.7 (0–13)

Results of simulation training

Time to complete the PJ anastomosis

Resident group (range)

47.6 min (42–57)

Fellow group (range)

36.0 min (33–39)

Subjective evaluation

Confidence to perform PJ anastomosis method in the OR (before simulation training)

1.6 (1–4)

Confidence to perform PJ anastomosis method in the OR (after simulation training)

2.6 (1–4)

Usefulness of the manual

4.2 (2–5)

Usefulness of the simulation training

4.7 (4–5)

Reality of the organ models

4.2 (3–5)

Reality of the surgical field

4.2 (3–5)