Table 1 Overall baseline characteristics and pathological outcomes

Age (years)

71.03 ± 8.8

64.40 ± 11.70

Male (Male)

16 (61.5%)

70 (58.8%)

ASA (n, %)

 I

0 (0%)

1 (0.8%)

 II

10 (38.5%)

46 (38.7%)

 III

16 (61.5%)

72 (60.5%)

ECOG (n, %)

 0

19 (73.1%)

112 (94.1%)

 1

5 (19.2%)

6 (5.0%)

 2

2 (7.7%)

1 (0.8%)

Pathology (n, %)

 Benign

1 (3.8%)

9 (7.6%)

 Ampullary cancer

13 (50.0%)

25 (21.0%)

 CBD cancer

4 (15.4%)

17 (19.3%)

 PDAC

5 (19.2%)

40 (42.0%)

 IPMN

2 (7.7%)

3 (2.5%)

 PNET

0 (0%)

6 (5.0%)

 Duodenal cancer

1 (3.8%)

3 (2.5%)

Tumor size (cm ± SD)

2.68 ± 1.80

3.14 ± 1.33

Lymph node harvest (number ± SD)

14.23 ± 8.04

19.83 ± 9.71

Pre-op bile drain (n, %)

14 (53.8%)

70 (58.8%)

Abdominal surgery history (n, %)

5 (19.2%)

25 (21.0%)

Hypertension (n, %)

14 (53.8%)

50 (42.0%)

DM (n, %)

8 (30.8%)

26 (21.8%)

CAD (n, %)

1 (3.8%)

15 (12.6)

COPD (n, %)

1 (3.8%)

2 (1.7%)

CKD (n, %)

1 (3.8%)

10 (8.4%)

CCI (n, %)

 0

8 (30.8%)

63 (52.9%)

 1

10 (38.5%)

36 (30.3%)

 2

7 (26.9)

16 (13.4%)

 3

0 (0%)

3 (2.5%)

 4

0 (0%)

1 (0.8)

 5

1

0 (0%)