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Fig. 3 | BMC Surgery

Fig. 3

From: Laparoscopic abdominal perineal rectal resection for rectal cancer with a horseshoe kidney using preoperative 3D-CT angiography: a case report

Fig. 3

Surgical findings. a Retroperitoneal prominence due to the horseshoe kidney. b The inferior mesenteric artery root is on the temporal side of the renal isthmus (arrow), and the hypogastric nerve plexus is running craniocaudally on the front of the horseshoe kidney (arrowhead). c After dissecting the sigmoid mesocolon from the retroperitoneum, including the isthmus of the horseshoe kidney, the left ureter (arrow) and left gonadal vessels (arrowhead) were identified on the surface of the isthmus and preserved

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BMC Surgery

ISSN: 1471-2482

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