Table 2 Surgery and surgical outcome of double versus single T-tube drainages in particular with biliary complications

Common procedures

Partial peri-cystectomy + total endo-cystectomy + decompression T-tube drainage at CBD + cystic cavity draining catheter + abdominal cavity draining catheter

–

–

Differential techniques

Sustaining T-tube drainage at fistula

Fistula suture

–

–

Length of stay (days)

9 (7–13)

11 (9–17)

9 (7–17)

 < 0.0001

Postoperative complication rate (short/long/overall, %)

17.4/0/17.4

21.4/17.9/39.3

19.6/9.8/29.4

0.7178/0.0329/0.0877

Short term complication (frequency)

Minor leakage (2)

Cavity infection (2)

Minor leakage (3)

Major leakage (1)

Cavity infection (1)

Abscess formation (1)

Minor leakage (5)

Major leakage (1)

Cavity infection (3)

Abscess formation (1)

Minor leakage: 0.8094

Major leakage: 0.3600

Cavity infection: 0.4390

Abscess formation: 0.3600

Long term complication (frequency)

–

Biliary stricture (5)

Biliary stricture (5)

0.0329

Follow-up Duration (years)

10.6 (7.3–13.3)

11.3 (8.4–13.8)

11.0 (7.3–13.8)

0.1583