Implementation of a beating heart system for training in off-pump and minimally invasive coronary artery bypass

BMC Surgery

Table 3 Estimated effect of training for residents and fellows

Item	Group	Estimated marginal means
		Mean difference	P-value	Partial η squared
Time (min)	Resident	− 9.2 ± 2.58	0.003^a	0.44
	Fellow	1.2 ± 2.58	0.648	0.01
Score
Total	Resident	5.4 ± 1.47	0.002^a	0.46
	Fellow	0.8 ± 1.47	0.594	0.02
Time	Resident	1 ± 0.45	0.04^a	0.24
	Fellow	− 0.2 ± 0.45	0.661	0.01
Leak	Resident	− 0.2 ± 0.75	0.793	0.00
	Fellow	0.4 ± 0.75	0.6	0.02
Shape	Resident	0.4 ± 0.45	0.384	0.05
	Fellow	0 ± 0.45	1	0.00
Flow	Resident	1.4 ± 0.57	0.025^a	0.28
	Fellow	− 0.2 ± 0.57	0.728	0.01
Self-estimation	Resident	1.8 ± 0.27	0.000^a	0.74
	Fellow	0.8 ± 0.27	0.008^a	0.36
Penalty points	Resident	1 ± 0.46	0.044^a	0.23
	Fellow	0 ± 0.46	1	0.00
Total score excluding self-estimation	Resident	3.6 ± 1.35	0.017^a	0.31
	Fellow	0 ± 1.35	1	0.00

ISSN: 1471-2482