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Table 1 Literature review of the prognostic markers for detecting anastomotic leakage after esophageal surgery

From: Prognostic value of inflammatory markers for detecting anastomotic leakage after esophageal resection

Authors

Year

n

Complication

Technique

AL detection

Value (POD)

Cut-off

SN

SP

AUC

Deitmar [10]

2009

558

AL

Transthoracic

8th POD (range, 2–16)

CRP (2)

WBCC (8)

135 mg/l

10.5/nl

> 80

> 70

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

Dutta [14]

2011

136

AL

Transhiatal, transthoracic

6th POD (range, 2–13)

CRP (3)

CRP (4)

180 mg/l

180 mg/l

82

71

63

83

0.81

0.86

Van Genderen [16]

2011

63

AL, cardiorespiratory, infections

Transthoracic

n/a

CRP (1)

CRP (2)

CRP (3)

108.5 mg/l

175 mg/l

179 mg/l

82

85

89

50

53

50

0.74

0.78

0.75

Warschkow [12]

2011

210

AL, pneumonia, UTI, central line infection, and others

Transhiatal, transthoracic

7th POD (range, 4–11.3)

CRP (4)

CRP (7)

141 mg/l

162 mg/l

78

56

70

89

0.77

0.81

Noble [34]

2012

258

AL

Transhiatal, transthoracic, cervical

7th POD (range, 5–15)

CRP (4)

CRP (5)

WBCC (5)

NUn score

180 mg/l

189 mg/l

9/nl

 > 10

75

78

78

95

47

63

58

49

0.69

0.75

0.72

0.8

Tsujimoto [33]

2012

61

AL

Transthoracic

7th POD (range, 5–12)

SIRS (4)

SIRS criteria*

73

71

0.72

Hoeboer [18]

2015

45

AL

Transthoracic, transhiatal

n/a

CRP (3)

ΔCRP (3–0)

PCT (3)

229 mg/l

Δ55 mg/l

0.35 ng/ml

71

80

67

84

80

80

0.78

0.82

0.86

Baker [35]

2015

100

AL

Transthoracic

n/a

WBCC (1 to 10)

> 12/nl

92

34

n/a

Edagawa [44]

2015

108

AL

n/a

8th POD

CRP (3)

8.62 mg/dl

n/a

n/a

n/a

Findlay [15]

2015

248

AL

Transthoracic

7th POD (range, 3–18)

NUn score

WBCC (4)

> 10

6.89/nl

0

94

94

21

0.49

0.64

Gordon [17]

2016

145

AL

Transthoracic

6th POD (range, 4–10)

CRP (2)

CRP (3)

CRP (6)

209 mg/l

190 mg/l

154 mg/l

100

100

100

61

59

78

0.82

0.8

0.91

Park [19]

2017

201

AL

Transthoracic

n/a

CRP(NT−) (3)

CRP(NT+) (3)

171 mg/l

164 mg/l

69

80

78

70

0.82

0.71

Paireder [20]

2017

258

AL

Transhiatal, transthoracic

9th POD (range, 1–23)

NUn score

> 10

45

74

0.59

Asti [36]

2017

243

AL

Transthoracic, cervical

6th POD (n/a)

CRP (5)

WBCC (5)

PCT (5)

83 mg/l

8.9/nl

0.38 ng/ml

89

59

78

61

84

71

0.82

0.69

0.75

Nilsson [39]

2018

462

AL

Transthoracic, cervical

n/a

CRP (3)

CRP (4)

221 mg/l

203 mg/l

59

57

83

82

0.75

0.73

Gao [37]

2019

96

AL

Transthoracic

n/a

Prealbumin (5)

128 g/l

100

50

n/a

Bundred [38]

2020

382

AL

Transthoracic, cervical

8th POD (n/a)

NUn score

> 10

73

65

0.77

Liesenfeld (present study)

2020

233

AL

Transthoracic

7th POD (range, 1–30)

WBC (4)

CRP (4)

NUn score

8/nl

145 mg/l

> 9

64

68

49

58

63

68

0.67

0.65

0.68

  1. AL: anastomotic leakage; AUC: Area under the curve; NT(±): (with/without) neoadjuvant therapy; PCT: procalcitonin; POD: postoperative day; SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SN: sensitivity; SP: specificity; UTI: urinary tract infection; WBCC: white blood cell count; CRP: c-reactive protein; NUn: Noble and Underwood; n/a: not available