Table 1 Preoperative patients characteristics, surgical procedures, and histopathological results in association with diabetes mellitus
From: Influence of diabetes on short-term outcome after major hepatectomy: an underestimated risk?
| Â | Study population | Diabetes mellitus | |
|---|---|---|---|
|  | n/N (%) or mean ± standard deviation | n (%) | p |
Total | 417/417 (100) | 59 (14.1) | Â |
Pre-operative patient characteristics | Â | Â | Â |
Body mass index (kg/m2), n = 414 | 25.2 ± 4.1 |  |  |
 Underweight | 15/414 (3.6) | 2 (3.4) | 1 |
 Normal weight | 204/414 (49.3) | 22 (37.9) | 0.09 |
 Overweight | 147/414 (35.5) | 27 (46.6) | 0.08 |
 Obesity | 48/414 (11.6) | 7 (12.1) | 1 |
  Morbid obesity | 9/414 (2.2) | 1 (1.7) | 1 |
Age (years), n = 417 | 59.1 ± 13.4 |  |  |
 Age ≥ 60 years | 226/417 (54.2) | 48 (81.4) |  < 0.0001 |
Male gender | 232/417 (55.6) | 44 (74.6) | 0.003 |
ASA classification, n = 410 | 2.4 ± 0.6 |  |  |
 ASA III classification or more | 192/410 (46.8) | 39 (67.2) | 0.001 |
Pre-existing disease | Â | Â | Â |
 Arterial hypertension | 184/417 (44.1) | 50 (84.7) |  < 0.0001 |
 Cardiac failure | 7/417 (1.7) | 3 (5.1) | 0.06 |
 Chronic renal failure | 16/417 (3.8) | 3 (5.1) | 0.48 |
 Lung disease | 33/417 (7.9) | 3 (5.1) | 0.6 |
 Hepatitis B or C | 18/417 (4.3) | 1 (1.7) | 0.49 |
 Esophageal varices | 4/417 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 |
Regular alcohol consumption | 28/417 (6.7) | 4 (6.8) | 1 |
Nicotine abuse | 69/417 (16.5) | 8 (13.6) | 0.63 |
Pre-operative treatment | Â | Â | Â |
 Chemotherapy | 106/417 (25.4) | 6 (10.2) | 0.01 |
 Chemoembolization | 11/417 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 0.38 |
 Portal vein embolization | 12/417 (2.9) | 4 (6.8) | 0.07 |
Laboratory values | Â | Â | Â |
 International normalized ratio > 1.2 | 11/416 (2.6) | 1 (1.7) | 1 |
 Total bilirubin > 1 mg/dl | 80/411 (19.5) | 13 (22.4) | 0.66 |
Characteristics of surgery | Â | Â | Â |
Extent of surgery | Â | Â | Â |
 Right hemihepatectomy | 226/417 (54.2) | 31 (52.5) | 0.89 |
 Left hemihepatectomy | 90/417 (21.6) | 13 (22) | 1 |
 Right trisectionectomy | 56/417 (13.4) | 7 (11.9) | 0.86 |
 Left trisectionectomy | 27/417 (6.5) | 6 (10.2) | 0.25 |
 Segmental resection* | 18/417 (4.3) | 2 (3.4) | 1 |
Adrenalectomy | 12/417 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 0.23 |
Biliodigestive anastomosis | 107/417 (25.7) | 16 (27.1) | 0.91 |
Resection device / technique | Â | Â | Â |
 Stapler | 299/406 (73.6) | 46 (83.6) | 0.1 |
 Ligasure | 34/406 (8.4) | 3 (5.5) | 0.6 |
 Clamp-crushing technique | 35/406 (8.6) | 2 (3.6) | 0.2 |
 Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator | 32/406 (7.9) | 4 (7.3) | 1 |
 Others | 6/406 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 1 |
Pringle maneuver | 88/411 (21.4) | 12 (21.1) | 1 |
Operative time (min), n = 410 | 237.7 ± 110 |  |  |
Blood loss ≥ 1000 ml, n = 409 | 148/409 (36.2) | 26 (44.8) | 0.18 |
Transfusion of packed red blood cells | 148/417 (35.5) | 28 (47.5) | 0.054 |
Characteristics of histopathology | Â | Â | Â |
Non-malignant indication | 57/417 (13.7) | 3 (5.1) | – |
 Living liver donation | 8/417 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 0.61 |
Malignant indication | 360/417 (86.3) | 56 (94.9) | 0.06 |
 Colorectal liver metastasis | 123/417 (29.5) | 10 (16.9) | 0.03 |
 Other liver metastases | 56/417 (13.4) | 9 (15.3) | 0.81 |
 Cholangiocarcinoma | 136/417 (32.6) | 25 (42.4) | 0.12 |
 Hepatocellular carcinoma | 37/417 (8.9) | 11 (18.6) | 0.01 |
 Other malignant tumor | 8/417 (1.9) | 1 (1.7) | 1 |
Tumor diameter > 2.5 cm | 268/369 (72.6) | 45 (81.8) | 0.14 |
Liver cirrhosis | 15/417 (3.6) | 4 (6.8) | 0.25 |
Liver steatosis ≥ 5% | 155/417 (37.2) | 28 (47.5) | 0.11 |