Table 1 Univariate analysis of the baseline factors

Operation age (years)

59.88 ± 12.62

64.21 ± 11.49

Gender

 Male

137

12

 Female

95

7

Body mass index, kg/m²

21.47 ± 4.15

23.03 ± 6.33

Smoking^@

 Yes

80

9

 No

147

9

Drinking^@

 Yes

66

7

 No

161

11

History of hypertension^@

 Yes

35

4

 No

192

14

History of diabetes^@

 Yes

34

0

 No

193

18

Hemoglobin, g/L

123.47 ± 20.51

120.21 ± 18.71

Platelet, 10⁹/L

217.41 ± 88.23

213.79 ± 84.79

White blood cells, 10⁹/L

5.90 ± 2.40

6.12 ± 2.83

Neutrophil, 10⁹/L

3.97 ± 2.17

4.20 ± 2.59

Lymphocyte, 10⁹/L

1.34 ± 0.54

1.28 ± 0.54

Monocyte, 10⁹/L

0.46 ± 0.21

0.47 ± 0.18

Red blood cells, 10¹²/L

4.03 ± 0.61

3.82 ± 0.59

Hematocrit

0.36 ± 0.05

0.35 ± 0.05

Blood type^@

 A

76

6

 B

46

4

 AB

23

1

 O

82

7

Total bilirubin, μmol/L

30.2 (11.4–180.0)

19.8 (10.7–187.2)

Direct bilirubin, μmol/L

18.2 (4.5–152.5)

10.7 (4.6–149.3)

Indirect bilirubin, μmol/L

8.9 (5.4–19.0)

8.4 (5.4–26.4)

Asparate transaminase, IU/L

48 (20–124)

57 (18–127)

Alanine transaminase, IU/L

54 (17–173)

38 (17–273)

Total protein, g/L

63.09 ± 8.62

60.65 ± 5.23

Albumin, g/L

38.65 ± 5.29

35.95 ± 5.07

Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L

4.5 (3.6–5.6)

4.8 (3.8–6.7)

Creatinine, μmol/L

67.88 ± 25.40

80.68 ± 30.13

Glucose, mmol/L

5.75 ± 1.94

5.51 ± 1.34

Triglyceride, mmol/L

1.80 ± 0.91

1.97 ± 1.07

Cholesterol, mmol/L

4.85 ± 2.07

4.86 ± 2.13

ASA grading

 1

37

3

 2

118

11

 3 or above

77

5

Operation time, min

345 (292—412)

358 (296—419)

Preoperative biliary drainage

 Yes

49

4

 No

183

15

Intraoperative blood loss, mL

100 (100–200)

100 (50–138)

Dissection and reconstruction of vessels

 Yes

37

0

 No

195

19

Texture of pancreas

 Hard

139

8

 Soft

93

11

Pancreatic Duct’s diameter, cm

0.4(0.3–0.5)

0.4 (0.3–0.4)