Table 1 Demographic and preoperative characteristics

Age (year, \(\overline{x}\) ± s)

55.38 ± 10.40

54.00 ± 9.37

0.646

Male (n, %)

85 (68.5%)

139 (70.6%)

0.822

BMI (kg/m², \(\overline{x}\) ± s)

24.58 ± 1.25

25.21 ± 1.44

0.148

Hypertension (n, %)

94 (76.3%)

157 (80.1%)

0.615

Diabetes mellitus (n, %)

16 (12.9%)

43 (21.8%)

0.433

COPD (n, %)

3 (2.4%)

7 (3.6%)

0.746

Cerebrovascular disease history (n, %)

23 (18.5%)

37 (18.8%)

0.958

Renal dysfunction (n, %)^a

5 (4.0%)

12 (6.1%)

0.423

Hemodynamic instability

4 (3.2%)

9 (4.6%)

0.552

Results of CT scan

 Arch tear

105

152

0.361

 Carotid dissection

6

8

 Aortic arch aneurysm

13

37

Preoperative neurological complication (n, %)

5 (4.0%)

11 (5.6%)

0.534

Preoperative intubation (n, %)

6 (4.8%)

10 (5.1%)

0.666

LVEF < 0.4 (n, %)

4 (3.2%)

10 (5.1%)

0.578