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Table 2 Baseline characteristics determined by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative findings

From: Learning curve of trans-sacral epiduroscopic laser decompression in herniated lumbar disc disease

 

Early group

(n = 20)

Late group

(n = 62)

OR or difference

95% CI

P value

Surgical level, L3-4/L4-5/L5-S1

2/8/10

4/14/44

  

0.111†

Pfirmann grade, I/II/III/IV

0/4/12/3

0/18/38/7

  

0.763†

High intensity zone

6 (30.0%)

22 (35.5%)

1.436

0.391–5.269

0.585‡

Morphology of disc, bulging/protruded/extruded

2/11/9

8/35/17

  

0.130†

Location of herniation, central/right/left

6/7/7

20/13/29

  

0.092†

Degree of canal compromise, mild/moderate/severe

13/7/0

43/15/0

  

0.208†

Degree of nerve compression, abutting/displace/near obliteration/obliteration

8/7/4/1

34/21/6/1

  

0.264†

Herniated disc volume (mm3)

0.31 ± 0.11

0.30 ± 0.14

0.01 ± 0.04

− 0.08–0.09

0.898‡

Degree of stenosis, none/mild/moderate/severe

12/7/1/0

42/19/1/0

  

0.450†

Intraoperative adhesion, mild/moderate/severe

2/2/16

3/20/29

  

0.249†

  1. CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio
  2. †Pearson’s Chi square test, ‡independent t-test