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Table 3 Comparison of the dietary intakes and the percent of individuals with a dietary intake below the recommendations at the 6th and 12th months post-Bariatric Surgery

From: Dietary macro- and micro-nutrients intake adequacy at 6th and 12th month post-bariatric surgery

Variables

References a

Post-operation b

(n = 58)

pvalue

% of inadequacy e

Vitamins

6 month

12 month

 

6 month

12 month

Biotin (B7) μg/d

25–30

7.1 (29)

5.8 (30)

0.04 c

100

98.2

Cobalamin (B12) μg/d

2.0

1.8 (3.8)

1.3(3.9)

0.001 c

54.4

77.2

Folate (B9) μg/d

320–330

121(484)

102(496)

0.046 c

93

96.5

Niacin (B3) mg/d

11–12

11.3 (36)

6.9 (30)

0.001 c

47.4

71.9

Pantothenic acid (B5) mg/d

5

1.7 (4.3)

1.1 (4.5)

0.001 c

100

100

Pyridoxine (B6) mg/d

1–1.4

0.9 ± 0.5

0.5 ± 0.4

< 0.001d

64.9

99.9

Riboflavin (B2) mg/d

0.9–1.0

0.63 (2.5)

0.52 (2.7)

0.033 c

77.2

78.9

Thiamin (B1) mg/d

0.9–1.0

0.54 (1.6)

0.44 (1.4)

0.010 c

86

91.2

Vitamin A μg/d

625–630

185 ± 144

110 ± 90

0.001d

99.2

100

Vitamin C mg/d

56–75

61.8 (193)

16.7 (110)

< 0.001c

50.4

99.9

Vitamin D μg/d

10

0.60 (2.6)

0.08 (1.8)

< 0.001c

100

100

Vitamin E mg/d

12

4.0 ± 3.8

4.6 ± 4.6

0.061d

100

86

Vitamin K μg/d

75–120

21 (158)

18 (123)

0.04 c

100

100

Minerals

 Calcium (Ca) mg/d

800–1100

293 (985)

171 (799)

0.001 c

93

98.2

 Copper (Cu) μg/d

685–700

537(1737)

356 (1621)

0.002 c

68.4

76.8

 Iron (Fe) mg/d

6.0–8.1

5.2 (12)

4.6 (11)

0.014 c

68.4

80.7

 Magnesium (Mg) mg/d

255–340

115 (320)

89 (339)

0.013 c

98.2

98.2

 Manganese (Mn) mg/d

1.6–2.2

0.88 (3.1)

0.91 (4.2)

0.974 c

96.5

91.2

 Phosphorus (P) mg/d

580–1055

573 (1313)

441 (1088)

0.003 c

50

71.4

 Potassium (K) g/d

4.7

1.3 ± 0.6

0.9 ± 0.5

< 0.001d

100

100

 Zinc (Zn) mg/d

6.8–9.4

3.9 (7.4)

3.2 (12.3)

0.009 c

99.9

99.9

  1. aEAR (An Estimated Average Requirement) is the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirements of half of the healthy individuals in a group. EARs have not been established for vitamin K, pantothenic acid, biotin, manganese, and potassium, in this case AI (adequate intake) has been set. The cut point is adjusted for aged between 18 and 65 year; μg/d: microgram per day; mg/d: milligram per day
  2. bData are presented as median (range) or mean ± SD according to normal and non-normal distribution respectively
  3. cP value derived from Wilcoxon test for variables do not follow a normal distribution
  4. dP-value derived from paired t-test for normally distributed variables
  5. eThe percent of individuals who had inadequate intake