Table 1 Clinical features, treatments, and outcomes of recurrent cases with Kimura Disease
Authors | No. of patients | Year | Country | Male/Female | Age at onset (year) | Size (cm) | Location | Treatment | Nephrotic Syndrome | Blood eosinophil (%) | Serum IgE (IU/mL) | Recurrence | Reason for recurrence | Follow-up duration (month) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kung, I. T. [26] | 21 | 1984 | / | 18 Male/ 3 Female | 7–50 | 3–10 in diameter | head, neck, groin, upper limb and chest wall | surgical excision | no | 12%; 30%; others not clear | / | 5 recurrent cases | / | not clear |
Chow, L. T. [27] | 8 | 1994 | / | 7 Male/ 1 Female | 9–70 | 0.9 × 1.5; 1.0 × 2.0; 1.0 × 1.5; 3.0 × 2.5; 3.0 × 2.5; 1.0 × 1.0 × 3.0 others not clear | head and neck | surgical excision, radiation therapy | no | / | / | 2 recurrent cases | / | 6–48 |
Armstrong, W. B. [28] | 2 | 1998 | Vietnamese | 2 Male | 14; 48 | 1 × 2, 2 × 3 to 6 × 4; 5 × 7 | head and neck | prednisone, surgical excision | yes (1) | 7.9 to 13%; 22% | / | 2 recurrent cases | / | 6; not clear |
Tsukadaira, A. [29] | 1 | 1998 | / | Male | 70 | 8 × 5, 1 × 2 | groin, buttock, brachium, neck, popliteal | surgical excision | no | 8040/mL | 16,700 | recurrent | / | not clear |
Gumbs, M. A. [30] | 1 | 1999 | / | Female | 55 | 12 cm in diameter | head | surgical excision | yes | 45% | / | recurrent | / | 180 |
Okami, K. [31] | 1 | 2003 | Japanese | Male | 14 | / | neck | CO2 laser excision, prednisolone of 30 mg | no | 16.4% | 1260 | recurrent | / | 12 |
Chen, H. [32] | 21 | 2004 | 7 Caucasians, 6 Blacks, 6 Asians, 1 Hispanic, and 1 Arabic | 18 Male/ 3 Female | 8–64 | 1.2–6.5 | posterior auricular, cervical, groin, and epitrochlear region | surgical excision, corticosteroid therapy, radiation therapy | no | / | / | 5 recurrent cases | / | 14.4–399.6 |
Birol, A. [20] | 1 | 2005 | Caucasian | Male | 45 | 3.4 × 2.5, 2.6 × 1.5, 4.2 × 3.5 | head | steroid, cyclosporine 5 mg/kg/day | no | 36% | 1130 | recurrent | tapering of steroid or cyclosporine | 5 |
Chitapanarux, I. [33] | 8 | 2007 | / | 6 Male/ 2 Female | 24–54 | / | head and neck | surgical excision, radiation therapy | no | / | / | 8 recurrent cases | / | 21–43 |
Kilciksiz, S. [34] | 1 | 2007 | / | Male | 32 | 5 × 5 | neck | surgical excision, prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day, radiation therapy | no | 6% | 242 | recurrent | / | 31 |
Meningaud, J. P. [35] | 2 | 2007 | Madagascar, Mauritius native | Male | 29; 25 | /, 8.5 × 3.5 | head | surgical excision | no | / | / | 1 recurrent case | / | 12; 12 |
Shin, S. T. [36] | 1 | 2007 | / | Male | 8 | / | head, arm and axillary region | surgical excision, steroid 60 mg/day, cyclosporine-A 2 mg/kg/day, azathioprine 1.5 mg/kg/day | no | 21% | > 2000 | recurrent | / | 17 |
Wang, D. Y. [37] | 1 | 2009 | Chinese | Male | 6 | 1.5 × 1.5 | neck | 25 mg of prednisone | yes | 32.0% | > 400 | recurrent | / | not clear |
Soeria-Atmadja, S. [38] | 2 | 2011 | Philippine, Bangladesh | 2 Male | 17; 9 | 4 × 5; 2 × 3 | head and neck | prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day, cyclosporine 4 mg/kg/day; prednisolone 2 mg/ kg/ day, cyclosporine | yes | 4.4 × 109 / L; 8.3 × 109 / L | 5000 kU/L; > 5000 kU/L | recurrent | tapering of prednisolone | 9; not clear |
Shahryari, J. [24] | 1 | 2012 | Irani | Male | 45 | 6 × 4 × 1.5 | head | surgical excision | no | 23% | 100 | recurrent | / | not clear |
Beccastrini, E. [3] | 1 | 2013 | Italian | Male | 40 | 9 in diameter | trunk, elbow, wrist and hip | prednisone 25 mg/day, CSA 3 mg/kg/day | no | 1900 /mL | 1578 KU/L | recurrent | tapering of CSA | 113 |
Wang, Z. [39] | 1 | 2014 | Chinese | Male | 53 | 1.7 × 1.1 × 1.1 | neck | surgical excision | no | 1.01 × 109 / L | 537.2 | recurrent | / | 68 |
Hsu, S. N. [40] | 1 | 2015 | Chinese | Male | 33 | / | head, lower extremity (edema) | surgical excision, PTA, Cilostazol 50 mg, Pentoxifylline 400 mg, prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day, Cetirizine 5 mg twice a day | no | 34 to 51% | 12,400-17,200 | recurrent | / | not clear |
Ye, X. [41] | 1 | 2015 | Chinese | Male | 47 | 5 in diameter | cervical, subaxillary and inguinal region | prednisone 0.5 mg/kg/day, thalidomide 50 mg/day | no | 26.11% | 1081.34 | recurrent | tapering of prednisolone | 36 |
Wang, H. [42] | 1 | 2016 | Chinese | Male | 72 | / | head | surgical excision, Chinese herbal remedies, cetirizine hydrochloride and olmesartan 20 mg/day, gamma immunoglobulin 10 g/day for 5 days, intravenous pulse methylprednisolone therapy 500 mg for 3 days, hydroxychloroquine 0.4 g/day, prednisone 50 mg/day, a single dose of intravenous cyclophosphamide 500 mg | yes | 35% | 149,000 | recurrent | / | 43 |
Matsuo, T. [11] | 1 | 2017 | Japanese | Male | 42 | / | head | surgical excision, prednisone 40 mg/day, cyclosporine 75 mg/day | yes | 9.40% | 735 | recurrent | tapering of prednisolone | 82 |
Chakraborti, C. [43] | 1 | 2019 | / | Female | 23 | 2.5 × 2.5 × 1 | head and neck | prednisolone 40 mg | no | 30% | 262.64 | recurrent | / | 2 |
Li, X. [44] | 1 | 2019 | Chinese | Male | 48 | 15 × 10 × 3, 5 × 5 × 2, 4 × 3 × 2, 4 × 3 × 1 | head and neck | surgical excision, 25 mg prednisone twice daily | no | 0.55% | 27,100 | recurrent | / | 0.5 |
Zhang, G. [45] | 24 | 2020 | / | 20 Male/ 4 Female | 5–65 | / | head and neck | surgical resection, radiotherapy, oral corticosteroids | no | 11 to 51% | / | 11 recurrent cases | / | 6–113 |
Siwei, B.(current) | 1 | 2020 | Chinese | Male | 7 | 5 | thoracic cavity | prednisone 40 mg/day | no | 42% | 572 | recurrent | tapering of prednisolone | 9 |