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Fig. 3 | BMC Surgery

Fig. 3

From: Laparoscopic conversion to open surgery in radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy: causal analysis, clinical characteristics, and treatment strategies

Fig. 3

Laparoscope conversion to open approach in renal treatment part and tumor thrombus treatment part. In renal treatment part: 1) From A to B: The kidney was dissociated along the perirenal fascia; 2) From B to C: To separate the anatomical layers between the renal tumor and the surrounding tissues and organs; 3) From C to D: circulatory instability caused by hemorrhage; 4) From D to E: active conversion to open surgery. In tumor thrombus treatment part: 1) From E to F: To separate the anatomical layers between IVC and surrounding tissues and organs; 2) From F to G: The IVC tumor thrombus was removed; 3) From G to H: The walls of IVC were sutured 

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