Risk factors for parastomal hernia of loop stoma and relationships with other stoma complications in laparoscopic surgery era

Table 2 Potential risk factors for formation of a loop stoma that does not pass through the middle of the rectus abdominis muscle

	Not through middle, n = 97 (%)	Through middle, n = 56 (%)	Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis
	Not through middle, n = 97 (%)	Through middle, n = 56 (%)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Sex: Male/Female	71 (73)/26 (27)	38 (68)/16 (32	0.482
Age, years	63.0 (27.0–81.0)^a	60.5 (33.0–80.0)^a	0.459
BMI, kg/m²	22.6 (14.7–33.4)^a	21.5 (15.5–29.5)^a	0.384
Abdominal wall thickness, mm	30.0 (10.2–56.7)^a	28.7 (15.6–44.9)^a	0.299
Rectus abdominis muscle thickness, mm
Emergency operation	7 (7)	10 (18)	0.044		0.421
Approach type: laparoscopy/open	76 (78)/21 (22)	33 (59)/23 (41)	0.011	2.522 (1.229–5.177)	0.012
Stoma type: ileostomy/colostomy	85 (88)/12 (12)	44 (79)/12 (21)	0.138
Specimen extraction from stoma site	20 (21)	13 (23)	0.707

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