Characteristic | Secondary surgery | P Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
All patients | Yes | No | ||
(n = 57) | (n = 9) | (n = 48) | ||
Age, median (SD), y | 39 (16) | 40 (18) | 38 (16) | 0.66 |
Sex, n(%) | 0.11 | |||
Men | 40 (70) | 4 (44) | 36 (75) | |
Women | 17 (30) | 5 (56) | 12 (25) | |
Race, n(%) | 0.74 | |||
White | 43 (75) | 8 (89) | 35 (73) | |
Black | 6 (11) | 1 (11) | 5 (10) | |
Hispatic | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
Unknown | 7 (12) | 0 (0) | 7 (15) | |
Smoking, n(%)a | 0.61 | |||
Yes | 8 (17) | 2 (25) | 6 (16) | |
No | 38 (83) | 6 (75) | 32 (84) | |
Obesity, n(%)b | 0.007* | |||
Yes | 11 (25) | 5 (71) | 6 (16) | |
No | 33 (75) | 2 (29) | 31 (84) | |
Mechanism, n(%) | 0.64 | |||
Traction | 50 (88) | 9 (100) | 41 (85) | |
Gunshot | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
Cut | 6 (10) | 0 (0) | 6 (13) | |
High energy injuryc, n(%) | 0.72 | |||
Yes | 32 (56) | 6 (67) | 26 (54) | |
No | 25 (44) | 3 (33) | 22 (46) | |
Initial pattern, n(%) | > 0.99 | |||
C5-C6+/−C7 | 25 (44) | 4 (45) | 21 (44) | |
C8-T1 | 10 (17) | 1 (10) | 9 (19) | |
C5-T1 | 22 (39) | 4 (45) | 18 (37) | |
Associated clavicle fracture, n(%) | > 0.99 | |||
Yes | 13 (23) | 2 (22) | 11 (23) | |
No | 44 (77) | 7 (78) | 37 (77) | |
Associated shoulder dislocation, n(%) | > 0.99 | |||
Yes | 5 (9) | 1 (11) | 4 (8) | |
No | 52 (91) | 8 (89) | 44 (92) | |
Surgical method, n(%) | 0.82 | |||
Neurolysis | 39 (69) | 6 (67) | 33 (69) | |
Nerve grafting | 15 (26) | 3 (33) | 12 (25) | |
Direct repair | 3 (5) | 0 (0) | 3 (6) | |
Time to surgery, median (IQR), m | 6 (2–10) | 10 (8–15) | 5 (2–7) | 0.05 |