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Table 1 Differences between demographic and clinical characteristics of AL and non-AL groups

From: A novel nomogram to predict the risk of anastomotic leakage in patients after oesophagectomy

Characteristics

AL

Non- AL

Population

(n = 79, n%)

(n = 251, n%)

(n = 330, n%)

Sex

 male

68 (86.08)

195 (77.69)

263 (79.70)

 female

11 (13.92)

56 (22.31)

67 (20.30)

Age (years)

  < 65

49 (62.03)

144 (57.37)

193 (58.48)

  ≥ 65 and < 75

27 (34.18)

93 (37.05)

120 (36.36)

  ≥ 75

3 (3.80)

14 (5.58)

17 (5.15)

Pathology

 squamous

78 (98.73)

243 (96.81)

321 (97.27)

 adenocarcinoma

1 (1.27)

8 (3.19)

9 (2.73)

Pathologic tumour stage

 Stage 0

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Stage I

9 (11.39)

51 (20.32)

60 (18.18)

 Stage II

36 (45.57)

109 (43.43)

145 (43.94)

 Stage III

32 (40.51)

86 (34.26)

118 (35.76)

 Stage IV

2 (2.53)

5 (1.99)

7 (2.12)

Surgery method

 robot

27 (34.18)

84 (33.47)

111 (33.64)

 thoracoscopy

31 (39.24)

122 (48.61)

153 (46.36)

 open

21 (26.58)

45 (17.93)

66 (20)

HBP

7 (8.86)

21 (8.37)

28 (8.48)

DM

12 (15.19)

20 (7.97)

32 (9.70)

CHD

3 (3.80)

3 (1.20)

6 (1.82)

Smoking

12 (15.19)

14 (5.58)

26 (7.88)

nCRT

13 (16.46)

28 (11.16)

41 (12.42)

Location

 upper

10 (12.66)

32 (12.75)

42 (12.73)

 middle

47 (59.49)

163 (64.94)

210 (63.64)

 lower

22 (27.85)

56 (22.31)

78 (23.64)

BMI (kg/m2)

  < 18.5

7 (8.86)

16 (6.37)

23 (6.97)

  ≥ 18.5 and <24

39 (49.37)

148 (58.96)

187 (56.67)

  ≥ 24 and <28

27 (34.18)

77 (30.68)

104 (31.52)

  ≥ 28

6 (7.59)

10 (3.98)

16 (4.85)

ASA

 I

1 (1.27)

5 (1.99)

6 (1.82)

 II

69 (87.34)

222 (88.45)

291 (88.18)

 III

9 (11.39)

24 (9.56)

33 (10)

Blood (≥400 ml)

3 (3.80)

11 (4.38)

14 (4.24)

Surgery time (min)

  < 180

2 (2.53)

12 (4.78)

14 (4.24)

  ≥ 180 and 300

50 (63.29)

174 (69.32)

224 (67.88)

  ≥ 300

27 (34.18)

65 (25.90)

92 (27.88)

Thoracic surgery time

  < 60

9 (11.39)

25 (9.96)

34 (10.30)

  ≥ 60 and < 120

49 (62.03)

168 (66.93)

217 (65.76)

  ≥ 120

21 (26.58)

58 (23.11)

79 (23.94)

Transfer

6 (7.59)

10 (3.98)

16 (4.85)

Anastomotic type

 stapled

44 (55.70)

186 (74.10)

230 (69.70)

 hand-sewn

35 (44.30)

65 (25.90)

100 (30.30)

Route reconstruction

 retrosternal

44 (55.70)

80 (31.87)

124 (37.58)

 posterior mediastinum

35 (44.30)

171 (68.13)

206 (62.42)

Cardiac ultrasound

 abnormal

23 (29.11)

68 (27.09)

91 (27.58)

TP (g/L)

  < 65

8 (10.13)

18 (7.17)

26 (7.88)

  ≥ 65

71 (89.87)

233 (92.83)

304 (92.12)

ALB (g/L)

  < 35

5 (6.33)

7 (2.79)

12 (3.64)

  ≥ 35

74 (93.67)

244 (97.21)

318 (96.36)

PAB (g/L)

  < 0.2

11 (13.92)

38 (15.14)

49 (14.85)

  ≥ 0.2

68 (86.08)

213 (84.86)

281 (85.15)

ALT (U/L)

  < 9

3 (3.80)

16 (6.37)

19 (5.76)

  ≥ 9 and < 50

74 (93.67)

228 (90.84)

302 (91.52)

  ≥ 50

2 (2.53)

7 (2.79)

9 (2.73)

AST (U/L)

  < 15

4 (5.06)

22 (8.76)

26 (7.88)

  ≥ 15 and < 40

72 (91.1)

210 (83.67)

282 (85.45)

  ≥ 40

3 (3.80)

19 (7.57)

22 (6.67)

Urea (mmol/L)

  < 3.1

1 (1.27)

5 (1.99)

6 (1.82)

  ≥ 3.1 and < 9.5

77 (97.47)

243 (96.81)

320 (96.97)

  ≥ 9.5

1 (1.27)

4 (1.59)

5 (1.52)

CREA (mmol/L)

  < 57

1 (1.27)

5 (1.99)

6 (1.82)

  ≥ 57 and < 111

76 (96.20)

240 (95.62)

316 (95.76)

  ≥ 111

2 (2.53)

6 (2.39)

8 (2.42)

Glu (mmol/L)

  < 4.3

6 (7.59)

13 (5.18)

19 (5.76)

  ≥ 4.3 and < 5.9

57 (72.15)

190 (75.70)

247 (74.85)

  ≥ 5.9

16 (20.25)

48 (19.12)

64 (19.39)

PCT (ng/ml)

 0–0.05

67 (84.81)

219 (87.25)

286 (86.67)

  > 0.05

12 (15.19)

32 (12.75)

44 (13.33)

D-dimer (mg/L)

  < 0.55

64 (81.01)

195 (77.69)

259 (78.48)

  ≥ 0.55

15 (18.99)

56 (22.31)

71 (21.52)

CRP (mg/L)

  ≤ 10

70 (88.61)

238 (94.82)

308 (93.33)

  > 10

9 (11.39)

13 (5.18)

22 (6.67)

ESR (mm/h)

  ≤ 40

62 (78.48)

198 (78.88)

260 (78.79)

  > 40

17 (21.52)

53 (21.11)

70 (21.21)

PLT (10^9/L)

  < 125

8 (10.13)

16 (6.37)

24 (7.27)

  ≥ 125 and < 350

69 (87.34)

224 (89.24)

293 (88.79)

  ≥ 350

2 (2.53)

11 (4.38)

13 (3.94)

Hb (g/L)

  < 130

17 (21.52)

47 (18.73)

64 (19.39)

  ≥ 130 and < 175

61 (77.22)

200 (79.68)

261 (79.09)

  ≥ 175

1 (1.27)

4 (1.59)

5 (1.52)

HCT (%)

  < 40

18 (22.78)

43 (17.13)

61 (18.48)

  ≥ 40 and < 50

56 (70.89)

191 (76.10)

247 (74.85)

  ≥ 50

5 (6.33)

17 (6.77)

22 (6.67)

Anaesthesia time (min)

  < 300

31 (39.24)

99 (39.44)

130 (39.39)

  ≥ 300 and < 420

40 (50.63)

143 (56.97)

183 (55.45)

  ≥ 420

8 (10.13)

9 (3.59)

17 (5.15)

Anaesthesia method

 GA

75 (94.94)

238 (94.82)

313 (94.85)

 GA + NB

4 (5.06)

13 (5.18)

17 (5.15)

Intubation

 DLT

34 (43.04)

79 (31.47)

113 (34.24)

 Tracheal + BBT

17 (21.52)

79 (31.47)

96 (29.09)

 Tracheal tube

28 (35.44)

93 (37.05)

121 (36.67)

SPO2(%)

  < 90

68 (86.08)

220 (87.65)

288 (87.27)

  ≥ 90

11 (13.92)

31 (12.35)

42 (12.73)

EtCO2_max (mmHg)

  < 60

77 (97.47)

239 (95.22)

316 (95.76)

  ≥ 60

2 (2.53)

12 (4.78)

14 (4.24)

PaCO2(mmHg)

  < 65

64 (81.01)

194 (77.29)

258 (78.18)

  ≥ 65

15 (18.99)

57 (22.71)

72 (21.82)

Protective ventilation

 no

47 (59.49)

143 (56.97)

190 (57.58)

 yes

32 (40.51)

108 (43.03)

140 (42.42)

Temperature (°C)

  < 36.0

55 (69.62)

173 (68.92)

228 (69.09)

  ≥ 36.0

24 (30.38)

78 (31.08)

102 (30.91)

Hypotension

 no

73 (92.41)

232 (92.43)

305 (92.42)

  < SBP 90 mmHg, ≥10 min

5 (6.33)

17 (6.77)

22 (6.67)

  > SBP 90 mmHg, ≥30 min

1 (1.27)

2 (0.80)

3 (0.91)

Hypertension

 no

63 (79.75)

199 (79.28)

262 (79.39)

  > SBP160 mmHg, ≥10 min

10 (12.66)

42 (16.73)

52 (15.76)

  > SBP160 mmHg, ≥30 min

6 (1.82)

10 (3.98)

16 (4.85)

Cardiac arrhythmia

 no

69 (87.34)

240 (95.62)

309 (93.64)

 yes

10 (12.66)

11 (4.38)

21 (6.36)

CVP change (cmH2O)

 0–5

9 (11.39)

30 (11.95)

39 (11.82)

 5–10

35 (44.30)

104 (41.43)

139 (42.12)

 10–15

28 (35.44)

90 (35.86)

118 (35.76)

  ≥ 15

7 (8.86)

27 (10.76)

34 (10.30)

  1. Abbreviations: HBP hypertension, DM diabetes, CHD coronary heart disease, TP total protein, ALB albumin, PAB prealbumin, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate transaminase, PCT procalcitonin, CRP C-reactive protein, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, PLT platelet count, Hb haemoglobin, HCT red blood cell specific volume, CVP central venous pressure, nCRT neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy