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Fig. 4 | BMC Surgery

Fig. 4

From: Analysis of anatomical variations of intrapelvic vessels for advanced pelvic surgery

Fig. 4

A unique variation of the inter-relationship between the internal iliac artery (IIA) and vein (IIV). (a) The schematic figure illustrates this pattern. (b) Representative intra-operative photograph shows this pattern on the right side of the pelvic cavity. Photograph was acquired during laparoscopic surgery for a lateral lymph node dissection. Asterisk (*) represents the medial internal iliac vein (IIV); dagger (†) represents the lateral IIV; double dagger (‡) represents the internal iliac artery (IIA); hash sign (#) represents the venous loop between the two IIVs, which has formed in front of the sacral nerve plexus; and the section sign (§) represents the external iliac vein. IIA, internal iliac artery IIV, internal iliac vein; L5, 5th lumbar nerve; S1, 1st sacral nerve; S2, 2nd sacral nerve; SGA, superior gluteal artery

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