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Table 1 Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills assessment test: each trainee was evaluated in five different task with a score from 1 (low) to 5 (high)

From: Simulation as tool for evaluating and improving technical skills in laparoscopic gynecological surgery

TASK 1: creating pneumoperitoneum and positioning trocars under vision

ā€ƒTime and motion

1

2

3

4

5

Many unnecessary moves

Ā 

Efficient time/motion but some unnecessary moves

Ā 

Economy of movement and maximum efficiency

ā€ƒKnowledge of instruments

1

2

3

4

5

Frequently asked for the wrong instrument or used an inappropriate instrument

Ā 

Knew the names of most instruments and used appropriate instrument for the task

Ā 

Obviously familiar with the instruments required and their names

ā€ƒInstruments handling

1

2

3

4

5

Repeatedly makes tentative or awkward moves with instruments

Ā 

Competent use of instruments although occasionally appeared stiff or awkward

Ā 

Fluid moves with instruments and no awkwardness

TASK 2: moving six pegs on a platform, from right to left and from left to right

ā€ƒTime and motion

1

2

3

4

5

Many unnecessary moves

Ā 

Efficient time/motion but some unnecessary moves

Ā 

Economy of movement and maximum efficiency

ā€ƒInstruments handling (dominant hand)

1

2

3

4

5

Repeatedly makes tentative or awkward moves with instruments

Ā 

Competent use of instruments although occasionally appeared stiff or awkward

Ā 

Fluid moves with instruments and no awkwardness

ā€ƒInstruments handling (non-dominant hand)

1

2

3

4

5

Repeatedly makes tentative or awkward moves with instruments

Ā 

Competent use of instruments although occasionally appeared stiff or awkward

Ā 

Fluid moves with instruments and no awkwardness

ā€ƒSynchronization between the hands

1

2

3

4

5

No coordination between the movements of the two hands

Ā 

At times there is coordination between the movements of the two hands

Ā 

Maximum synchronization between the hands

TASK 3: changing the shape of a rubber band on a platform with spikes

ā€ƒTime and motion

1

2

3

4

5

Many unnecessary moves

Ā 

Efficient time/motion but some unnecessary moves

Ā 

Economy of movement and maximum efficiency

ā€ƒInstruments handling (dominant hand)

1

2

3

4

5

Repeatedly makes tentative or awkward moves with instruments

Ā 

Competent use of instruments although occasionally appeared stiff or awkward

Ā 

Fluid moves with instruments and no awkwardness

ā€ƒInstruments handling (non-dominant hand)

1

2

3

4

5

Repeatedly makes tentative or awkward moves with instruments

Ā 

Competent use of instruments although occasionally appeared stiff or awkward

Ā 

Fluid moves with instruments and no awkwardness

ā€ƒSynchronization between the hands

1

2

3

4

5

No coordination between the movements of the two hands

Ā 

At times there is coordination between the movements of the two hands

Ā 

Maximum synchronization between the hands

TASK 4: cutting precisely a circle printed on a dual layer gauze

ā€ƒTime and motion

1

2

3

4

5

Many unnecessary moves

Ā 

Efficient time/motion but some unnecessary moves

Ā 

Economy of movement and maximum efficiency

ā€ƒInstruments handling

1

2

3

4

5

Repeatedly makes tentative or awkward moves with instruments

Ā 

Competent use of instruments although occasionally appeared stiff or awkward

Ā 

Fluid moves with instruments and no awkwardness

ā€ƒRespect for tissue

1

2

3

4

5

Frequently used unnecessary force on tissue or caused damage by inappropriate use of instruments

Ā 

Careful handling of tissue but occasionally caused inadvertent damage

Ā 

Consistently handled tissues appropriately with minimal damage

ā€ƒSynchronization between the hands

1

2

3

4

5

No coordination between the movements of the two hands

Ā 

At times there is coordination between the movements of the two hands

Ā 

Maximum synchronization between the hands

TASK 5: making single stitch/knot on a silicon suture-pad

ā€ƒTime and motion

1

2

3

4

5

Many unnecessary moves

Ā 

Efficient time/motion but some unnecessary moves

Ā 

Economy of movement and maximum efficiency

ā€ƒInstruments handling

1

2

3

4

5

Repeatedly makes tentative or awkward moves with instruments

Ā 

Competent use of instruments although occasionally appeared stiff or awkward

Ā 

Fluid moves with instruments and no awkwardness

ā€ƒRespect for tissue

1

2

3

4

5

Frequently used unnecessary force on tissue or caused damage by inappropriate use of instruments

Ā 

Careful handling of tissue but occasionally caused inadvertent damage

Ā 

Consistently handled tissues appropriately with minimal damage

ā€ƒSynchronization between the hands

1

2

3

4

5

No coordination between the movements of the two hands

Ā 

At times there is coordination between the movements of the two hands

Ā 

Maximum synchronization between the hands

ā€ƒFlow of operation and forward planning

1

2

3

4

5

Frequently stopped operating or needed to discuss next move

Ā 

Demonstrated ability for forward planning with steady progression of operative procedure

Ā 

Obviously planned course of operation with effortless flow from one move to the next