Table 2 Closing Forces (in Newton). Mean value and standard deviation and median (in bracket) are given for the individual measuring points of both groups. P-values are indicated for subgroup comparison. The primary endpoint of the study is highlighted in gray

8.5 ± 1.0 (9)

7.3 ± 1.8 (7.25)

0.031

13.1 ± 2.0 (13)

18.3 ± 6.2 (15)

0.040

27.3 ± 7.3 (29)

34.6 ± 19.3 (25)

0.512

10.2 ± 2.7 (9)

10.6 ± 1.8 (10.5)

0.239

14.4 ± 3.0 (15)

21.6 ± 5.7 (19.5)

< 0.001

29.9 ± 10.1 (29.5)

37.8 ± 15.5 (29.5)

0.148

8.2 ± 1.4 (8.5)

7.4 ± 1 .3 (7)

0.079

11.5 ± 2.9 (12.5)

16.4 ± 6.3 (15.25)

0.011

20.5 ± 6.7 (17)

31.5 ± 17.6 (22)

0.029