Table 2 Demographics, perioperative variables, and histopathological findings

Age (years)

69 ± 14

70 ± 14

67 ± 14

Male sex

46 (43%)

25 (42%)

21 (46%)

ASA score > 2

13 (12%)

8 (61.5%)

5 (38.5%)

BMI

24 ± 6

24 ± 6

25 ± 6

 Cardiovascular

45 (42%)

25 (55.5%)

20 (44.5%)

 Pulmonary

20 (19%)

6 (30%)

14 (70%)

 Diabetes

17 (16%)

11 (65%)

6 (35%)

 Rectum

14 (13%)

9 (64%)

5 (36%)

 Colon

92 (86%)

51 (55%)

41 (45%)

Synchronous metastasis

27 (25%)

15 (55.5%)

12 (44.5%)

 Stage IVA (liver only)

18 (67%)

9 (50%)

9 (50%)

 Stage IVA (lung only)

4 (15%)

3 (75%)

1 (25%)

 Stage IVB

5 (19%)

3 (60%)

2 (40%)

Serum CEA (μ/L)

54 ± 116

71 ± 140

37 ± 82

Neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy

16 (15%)

9 (56%)

7 (44%)

Operative setting

 Elective

84 (79%)

48 (57%)

36 (43%)

 Emergent

22 (21%)

12 (54.5%)

10 (45.5%)

Surgical procedure

 Abdominoperineal resection

2 (1.8%)

1 (50%)

1 (50%)

 Hartmann’s procedure

7 (6.6%)

3 (43%)

4 (57%)

 Anterior resection

17 (16%)

11 (65%)

6 (35%)

 Segmental resection

80 (75.5%)

45 (56%)

35 (44%)

Surgical approach

 Open

78 (74%)

43 (55%)

35 (45%)

 Laparoscopic

28 (26%)

11 (39%)

17 (61%)

Associated resection

40 (37.8%)

23 (57.5%)

17 (42.5%)

 1 organ

23 (49%)

15 (65%)

8 (35%)

  > 1 organ

17 (51%)

8 (47%)

9 (53%)

Synchronous liver resection

11 (10.3%)

5 (45%)

6 (55%)

Stoma

42 (39.6%)

21 (50%)

21 (50%)

Specimen analysis

N+

60 (56.6%)

35 (58%)

25 (42%)

 Surgical margins status

 R0

85 (80%)

35 (41%)

50 (59%)

 R1

21 (20%)

11 (52%)

10 (48%)

Adjuvant chemotherapy

65 (61%)

32 (53%)

33 (72%)

Delay from surgery to chemotherapy (days)

52 ± 50

55 ± 62

49 ± 33