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Table 2 Shown are the uni- and multivariable Cox regression analysis to identify risk factors for overall survival

From: Relevant prognostic factors influencing outcome of patients after surgical resection of distal cholangiocarcinoma

Variables (univariable Cox regression analysis)

HR

95%-CI

p-value

Age (years)

1.005

0.980 – 1.032

0.713

Male gender

0.791

0.431 – 1.569

0.482

Preoperative biliary stent

1.412

0.704 – 3.238

0.350

Extent of surgery

Local bile duct excision w/o hilus

1 point

1.034

0.753 – 1.427

0.836

Local bile duct excision with hilus

2 points

Pancreaticoduodenectomy

3 points

with hilus resection

4 points

with portal vein resection

5 points

Perihilar bile duct resection

0.439

0.132 – 1.081

0.077

Partial portal vein resection

2.070

0.786 – 4.534

0.129

Duration of operation (min)

0.998

0.994 – 1.001

0.311

Grading

G1

1 point

1.638

0.921 – 2.863

0.092

G2

2 points

G3

3 points

pT stages

pT1

1 point

1.191

0.855 – 1.656

0.300

pT2

2 points

pT3

3 points

pT4

4 points

pN stages

pN0

0 points

1.717

1.092 – 2.668

0.020

pN1

1 point

pN2

2 point

M1 stage

0.861

0.259 – 2.119

0.769

R0 resection

0.733

0.376 – 1.602

0.411

Perineural invasion

1.913

1.110 – 3.397

0.019

Venous invasion

1.932

1.006 – 3.502

0.048

Lymph vessel invasion

1.635

0.904 – 2.850

0.102

UICC stages

UICC Ia

1 point

1.119

0.931 – 1.346

0.230

UICC Ib

2 points

UICC IIa

3 points

UICC IIb

4 points

UICC III

5 points

UICC IV

6 points

Grading of complications

Clavien-Dindo Grade 0

0 points

1.226

1.034 – 1.452

0.020

Clavien-Dindo Grade I

1 point

Clavien-Dindo Grade II

2 points

Clavien-Dindo Grade III

3 points

Clavien-Dindo Grade IV

4 points

Clavien-Dindo Grade V

5 points

Complications leading to surgical intervention

1.302

0.696 – 2.306

0.395

Variables (final multivariable Cox regression model)

 Preoperative biliary stenting

2.530

1.146 – 6.464

0.020

 Venous invasion (yes=1, no=0) multiplied by Extent of surgery graded in points

1.209

1.017 – 1.410

0.032

 Lymph node staging graded in points

2.183

1.250 – 3.841

0.006

 Perineural invasion

2.118

1.147 – 4.054

0.016

 Complications graded by Clavien-Dindo

1.395

1.148 – 1.699

0.001

  1. Univariable Cox regression analysis identified lymph node staging (N), perineural invasion, venous invasion and grading of complications according to Clavien-Dindo as significant risk factors for worse overall survival
  2. The final multivariable Cox regression model determined preoperative biliary stenting, the extent of surgery in case of positive histological venous invasion, lymph node staging and perineural invasion as well as postoperative complications graded in points according to Clavien-Dindo as independent significant risk factors for survival
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BMC Surgery

ISSN: 1471-2482

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