Fig. 1

Survival (Kaplan–Meier) after resection of distal cholangiocarcinoma according to preoperative biliary stenting (a), extent of surgery (b), lymph node staging (c), perineural invasion (d), venous invasion (e) and postoperative complications graded by Clavien-Dindo (f). Shown are all risk factors that were significant in univariable or multivariable Cox regression analysis, respectively. Overall survival in months after resection of distal cholangiocarcinoma depending to the studied factors