Author | Country | Year | No. of patients | LNM+ in T1a cancer patients | LNM+ in T1b cancer patients | Risk factors for LNM | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Studies from Asian countries | |||||||
Lim MS. et al. [14] | South Korea | 2011 | 376 | 2.8% | 18.4% | T1a: tumor size > 2 cm and lymphovascular invasion T1b: macroscopic type (elevated) and lymphovascular invasion | |
Ren G. el al. [25] | China | 2013 | 202 | 9.0% | 22.5% | Depth of invasion | |
Wang L. et al. [26] | China | 2013 | 242 | 5.5% | 20.0% | Depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion. | |
Nakagawa M. et al. [27] | South Korea | 2015 | 1042 | Not available | Not available | Depth of invasion, tumor size, ulceration, age and positive nodal status by CT. | |
Wang Y. [16] | China | 2015 | 198 | 6.0% | 56.2% | Depth of invasion. Tumor size. Ulceration. histological type and venous invasion. | |
Park JH. et al. [28] | South Korea | 2015 | 2270 | 2.8% | 19.0% | Depth of invasion, tumor size >3 cm and lymphovascular invasion | |
Fang WL. et al. [29] | Taiwan | 2015 | 391 | 4.9% | 21.4% | T1a: Lauren’s diffuse type and lymphatic invasion T1b: lymphatic invasion | |
Zhao LY. et al. [15] | China | 2016 | 687 | 15.5% | 35.9% | Depth of invasion. tumor size > 2 cm, ulceration, lymphovascular invasion, differentiation | |
Wang YW. et al. [30] | China | 2016 | 230 | 8.5% | 28.6% | Depth of invasion, tumor size ≥ 2 cm and P53 overexpression | |
Sekiguchi M. et al. [19] | Japan | 2016 | 3131 | 4.2% | 20.2% | Depth of invasion, tumor size ≥ 2 cm, ulceration, lymphovascular invasion, differentiation | |
Zheng Z. et al. [17] | China | 2016 | 597 | 3.0% | 18.3% | Depth of invasion, ulceration, lymphovascular invasion, age, differentiation. | |
Studies from Western countries | |||||||
Milhomem LM. et al. [31] | Brazil | 2012 | 126 | 7.8% | 22.6% | Depth of invasion, tumor size > 5 cm, ulceration and lymphatic invasion. | |
Bravo Neto GP. et al. [23] | Brazil | 2014 | 26 | 16.7% | 42.9% | Not available | |
Fukuhara S. et al. [10] | USA | 2014 | 104 | 7.1% | 35.4% | Lymphovascular invasion, non-Asian race and younger age. | |
Haist T. et al. [22] | Germany | 2016 | 124 | 1.9% | 22.5% | Depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion. | |
Ahmad R. et al. [18] | USA | 2016 | 67 | 4.3% | 31.8% | Lymphovascular invasion and positive nodal status by endoscopic ultrasound. | |
Ronellenfitsch U. et al. [24] | Germany | 2016 | 275 | 3.9% | 18.2% | Depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion, diffuse- and mixed-type according to Lauren. | |
Our study | Lithuania | 2017 | 218 | 5.1% | 31.9% | Depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion and tumor differentiation grade | |
Indication for endoscopic treatment of EGC according to different guidelines | |||||||
ESMO-ESSO-ESTRO | Well-differentiated, lesion is ≤2 cm in diameter, confined to the mucosa and not ulcerated. | ||||||
NCCN | Well or moderately well differentiated, lesion is ≤2 cm in diameter, confined to the mucosa, does not exhibit lymphovascular invasion |