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Table 4 Lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer – literature review and our results

From: Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer patients: Report from Eastern Europe country– Lithuania

Author

Country

Year

No. of patients

LNM+ in T1a cancer patients

LNM+ in T1b cancer patients

Risk factors for LNM

Studies from Asian countries

Lim MS. et al. [14]

South Korea

2011

376

2.8%

18.4%

T1a: tumor size > 2 cm and lymphovascular invasion

T1b: macroscopic type (elevated) and lymphovascular invasion

Ren G. el al. [25]

China

2013

202

9.0%

22.5%

Depth of invasion

Wang L. et al. [26]

China

2013

242

5.5%

20.0%

Depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion.

Nakagawa M. et al. [27]

South Korea

2015

1042

Not available

Not available

Depth of invasion, tumor size, ulceration, age and positive nodal status by CT.

Wang Y. [16]

China

2015

198

6.0%

56.2%

Depth of invasion. Tumor size. Ulceration. histological type and venous invasion.

Park JH. et al. [28]

South Korea

2015

2270

2.8%

19.0%

Depth of invasion, tumor size >3 cm and lymphovascular invasion

Fang WL. et al. [29]

Taiwan

2015

391

4.9%

21.4%

T1a: Lauren’s diffuse type and lymphatic invasion

T1b: lymphatic invasion

Zhao LY. et al. [15]

China

2016

687

15.5%

35.9%

Depth of invasion. tumor size > 2 cm, ulceration, lymphovascular invasion, differentiation

Wang YW. et al. [30]

China

2016

230

8.5%

28.6%

Depth of invasion, tumor size ≥ 2 cm and P53 overexpression

Sekiguchi M. et al. [19]

Japan

2016

3131

4.2%

20.2%

Depth of invasion, tumor size ≥ 2 cm, ulceration, lymphovascular invasion, differentiation

Zheng Z. et al. [17]

China

2016

597

3.0%

18.3%

Depth of invasion, ulceration, lymphovascular invasion, age, differentiation.

Studies from Western countries

Milhomem LM. et al. [31]

Brazil

2012

126

7.8%

22.6%

Depth of invasion, tumor size > 5 cm, ulceration and lymphatic invasion.

Bravo Neto GP. et al. [23]

Brazil

2014

26

16.7%

42.9%

Not available

Fukuhara S. et al. [10]

USA

2014

104

7.1%

35.4%

Lymphovascular invasion, non-Asian race and younger age.

Haist T. et al. [22]

Germany

2016

124

1.9%

22.5%

Depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion.

Ahmad R. et al. [18]

USA

2016

67

4.3%

31.8%

Lymphovascular invasion and positive nodal status by endoscopic ultrasound.

Ronellenfitsch U. et al. [24]

Germany

2016

275

3.9%

18.2%

Depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion, diffuse- and mixed-type according to Lauren.

Our study

Lithuania

2017

218

5.1%

31.9%

Depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion and tumor differentiation grade

Indication for endoscopic treatment of EGC according to different guidelines

ESMO-ESSO-ESTRO

Well-differentiated, lesion is ≤2 cm in diameter, confined to the mucosa and not ulcerated.

NCCN

Well or moderately well differentiated, lesion is ≤2 cm in diameter, confined to the mucosa, does not exhibit lymphovascular invasion