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Table 5 48-h mortality, characteristics of non-survivors (n = 30) and survivors (n = 198)

From: Association of pelvic fracture patterns, pelvic binder use and arterial angio-embolization with transfusion requirements and mortality rates; a 7-year retrospective cohort study

n (%)

Non-survivors

30 (13)

Survivors

198 (87)

p

Age (years), median (IQR)

62 (30-78)

41 (25-55)

0.001

Male gender, n (%)

16 (53)

141 (71)

0.06

ISS, median (IQR)

38 (26-49)

21 (13-29)

<.0001

AIS head, median (IQR)

3 (0-5)

0 (0-2)

<.0001

AIS chest, median (IQR)

3 (2-4)

2 (0-3)

0.001

AIS abdomen, median (IQR)

1 (0-3)

0 (0-2)

0.06

AIS spine, median (IQR)

2 (0-2)

0 (0-2)

0.37

GCS, median (IQR)

3 (3-12)

15 (12-15)

<.0001

Admission SI (HR/SBP) > 1, n (%)

11 (37)

32 (16)

0.004

Admission SBP < 90 mmHg, n (%)

8 (27)

15 (7.6)

0.004

Base deficit (mEq/l), median (IQR)

9 (3.9-17)

4 (1.9-6.8)

0.0004

Lactate (mmol/l), median (IQR)

4.5 (2.5-9.3)

2.2 (1.4-3.7)

0.0001

Prehospital pelvic binder placed, n (%)

19 (63)

96 (49)

0.17

Time to CT (minutes), median (IQR)

29.5 (23-42)

28 (20-35)

0.15

Angio-embolization, n (%)

7 (23)

20 (10)

0.06

Angio-embolization (for pelvis), n (%)

6 (20)

16 (8)

0.05

Time to embolization, all (minutes), median (IQR)

105 (90-135)

110 (76-169)

0.47

Time to embolization, for pelvis (minutes), median (IQR)

108 (94-129)

98 (74-120)

0.2

Time to embolization, SBP < 90 mmHg (minutes), median (IQR)

105 (98-116)

80 (70-95)

0.21

Total PRBC (units), median (IQR)

7 (2-12)

0 (0-1)

<.0001

Tile fracture type:

 Tile A, n (%)

2 (3.8)

50 (96)

0.03

 Tile B, n (%)

5 (7)

66 (93)

0.09

 Tile C, n (%)

23 (22)

82 (78)

0.0003

Injury mechanism:

Falls, n (%)

17 (57)

86 (43)

0.12

  < 1 m

0

7 (3.5)

0.6

 1-5 m

2 (6.7)

25 (13)

0.4

  > 5 m

15 (50)

54 (27)

0.02

Road Traffic Accidents, n (%)

13 (43)

102 (52)

0.3

 Cyclist

2 (6.7)

8 (4)

0.62

 Motorcycle

1 (3.3)

31 (16)

0.09

 Car

5 (17)

40 (20)

0.81

 Pedestrian hit by vehicle

5 (17)

23 (12)

0.55

Crush, n (%)

0

10 (5.1)

0.24

  1. CT Computed Tomography, HR Heart Rate, PRBC Packed Red Blood Cells, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, SD Standard Deviation, SI Shock Index
  2. Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical data, Mann-Whitney test for continuous non-parametric variables