Table 1 Clavien-Dindo classification

Grade I

Any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic, and radiological interventions

Allowed therapeutic regimens are: drugs as antiemetics, antipyretics, analgetics, diuretics, electrolytes, and physiotherapy. This grade also includes wound infections opened at the bedside.

Grade II

Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than such allowed for grade I complications

Grade III

Requiring surgical, endoscopic or radiological intervention

Intervention not under general anesthesia

Intervention under general anesthesia

 Grade IIIa

 Grade IIIb

Grade IV

Life-threatening complication (including CNS complications)* requiring IC/ICU management

Single organ dysfunction (including dialysis)

Multi organ dysfunction

 Grade IVa

 Grade IVb

Grade V

Death of a patient

Suffix “d”

If the patient suffers from a complication at the time of discharge, the suffix “d” (for disability) is added to the respective grade of complication. This label indicates the need for a follow-up to fully evaluate the complication.