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Table 3 Association of intra- and postoperative fluid management with postoperative morbidity

From: Postoperative fluid overload is a risk factor for adverse surgical outcome in patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a retrospective study in 335 patients

  

Fluid balance POD 0 (ml)

Fluid balance POD 4 (ml)

Parameter

Total

<6000

>6000

pa

<5500

>5500

pa

 

n = 333

n = 166

n = 166

 

n = 164

n = 165

 

In-hospital mortality

26 (8%)

5 (3%)

21 (13%)

<0.001

2 (1%)

22 (13%)

<0.001

Perioperative morbidity

248 (75%)

110 (66%)

137 (83%)

0.001

107 (65%)

137 (83%)

<0.001

Pulmonary morbidity

175 (53%)

79 (48%)

97 (58%)

0.031

74 (45%)

100 (60%)

0.003

 Pneumonia

112 (34%)

42 (25%)

72 (43%)

<0.001

42 (26%)

71 (43%)

0.001

 Pleural effusion

102 (31%)

44 (27%)

59 (36%)

0.048

41 (25%)

60 (36%)

0.017

 Re-intubation

64 (19%)

27 (16%)

39 (24%)

0.065

20 (12%)

44 (27%)

0.001

 Tracheostomy

38 (11%)

14 (8%)

25 (15%)

0.044

9 (6%)

30 (18%)

<0.001

 Pulmonary embolism

9 (3%)

8 (5%)

1 (1%)

0.018

9 (6%)

0 (0%)

0.002

Surgical morbidity

156 (47%)

62 (37%)

93 (56%)

<0.001

60 (37%)

94 (57%)

<0.001

 Wound infection

60 (18%)

23 (14%)

35 (21%)

0.056

20 (12%)

38 (23%)

0.007

 Anastomotic leakage

49 (15%)

15 (9%)

34 (21%)

0.002

12 (7%)

37 (22%)

<0.001

Other

82 (25%)

33 (20%)

49 (30%)

0.028

30 (18%)

50 (30%)

0.008

 Cardiac Complications

66 (20%)

26 (16%)

40 (24%)

0.037

23 (14%)

41 (25%)

0.009

 Renal Complications

15 (5%)

5 (3%)

10 (6%)

0.145

2 (1%)

11 (7%)

0.010

Severity of complicationsb

   

<0.001

  

<0.001

 Grade 0/I

85 (25%)

56 (34%)

29 (18%)

 

57 (35%)

28 (17%)

 

 Grade II

76 (22%)

39 (24%)

37 (22%)

 

38 (23%)

38 (23%)

 

 Grade IIIa/b

97 (29%)

42 (25%)

54 (32%)

 

48 (29%)

47 (29%)

 

 Grade IVa/b

49 (15%)

24 (15%)

25 (15%)

 

19 (12%)

30 (18%)

 

 Grade V

26 (8%)

5 (3%)

21 (13%)

 

2 (1%)

22 (13%)

 
  1. aFisher’s exact test bComplications were graded according to Clavien/Dindo
  2. Patients were divided by their total fluid balance (median cut) on POD 0 and POD 4. The table compares the postoperative morbidity and mortality rate in the groups and the occurrence of specific complications