Table 3 Metrics for safety and clinical outcome

Mortality (%)

15 (21.1 %)

New-onset organ dysfunction

Cardiovascular 6 (8.4 %)

Respiratory 1 (1.4 %)

Renal 5 (7.0 %)

New-onset Sepsis

10 (14.1 %)

Gastrointestinal fistula

17 (23.9 %)

Colonic alone 7 (9.9 %)

Duodenal alone 5 (7.0 %)

Jejunal or gastric alone 1 (1.4 %)

Multiple 4 (5.6)

Pancreatic fistula

14 (19.7 %)

Chylous fistula

3 (4.2 %)

Intra-abdominal bleeding

11 (15.5 %)

Portal venous system thrombosis

3 (4.2 %)

Positive culture result for fungi

12 (16.9 %)

Gastric outlet obstruction

2 (2.8 %)

Hospital duration (day)

41 (23–61)

ICU duration (day)

17 (7–43)

Total cost (10,000 rmb)

18.2 (8.6–32.4)