Figure 1

Dissection of station 2R, 4R. (A) Initiating the dissection right beneath the azygos vein and hollowing out the block from the interspace surrounded by the arch of azygos vein, superior vena cava, lower trachea, and ascending aorta. (B) Flipping the block over the arch of azygos vein and lifting it by the MES. (C) Dissecting the block off the superior vena cava, ascending aorta, and trachea sequentially from the cephalad border of the azygos vein to the caudal border of the innominate artery. (D) Anatomic landmarks after dissection. MES metal endoscopic suction, US ultrasonic scalpel, AV azygos vein, SVC superior vena cava, Tr trachea, AA ascending aorta, IA innominate artery, VN vagus nerve.