Table 1 Comparison of clinical outcomes between patients of the open and laparoscopic groups

Gender (M/F)

122/111

117/110

0.8*

Mean age (yr)

68.3 ± 0.9

70.0 ± 0.7

0.08^§

Operative Mortality (30 days)

4 (1.7)

3 (1.3)

0.7*

Overall postoperative complications (%)

41 (17.6)

16 (7.0)

<0.01*

Total grade I

5 (2.2)

0

Wound infection

5

0

Total grade II

24 (10.3)

9 (4.0)

Urinary retention/infection

1

0

Arrhythmia

5

4

Pneumonia

4

2

Ileus

10

1

Deep vein thrombosis

3

0

Cerebrovascular accident

1

1

Pancreatitis

0

1

Total Grade III

11 (4.7)

6 (2.6)

Intestinal obstruction

4

1

Gastrointestinal bleeding

3

2

Anastomotic leak

4

3

Total Grade IV

1 (0.4)

1(0.4)

Cardiac failure

1

1

Median hospital stay (days)

9 (5-16)

6 (3-10)

<0.05^§

Tumor site (%)

0.9*

Proximal tumors

130 (56.8)

127 (56.0)

Distal tumors

103 (44.2)

100 (44.0)

Tumor type (%)

0.7*

Adenocarcinoma

190 (81.5)

182 (80.2)

Mucinous carcinoma

43 (18.5)

45 (19.8)

Tumor differentiation (%)

0.3°

Well differentiated

25 (13.1)

16 (7.0)

Moderately differentiated

152 (65.2)

155 (68.2)

Poorly differentiated

13 (5.5)

11 (4.9)

Tumor stage (%)

<0.01°

I

35 (15.0)

64 (30.7)

II

123 (45.8)

82 (35.1)

III

75 (35.9)

81 (34.1)